Letter of Advice for a Newly Engaged Couple Essay

Congratulations Susan and Gerald on your impending marriage. If I might, I would like to contribute some words of advice and suggest some effective communication tools to make your marriage successful and satisfying. Successful communication between couples increase the likeliness for a happy marriage, something every couple strives for. Communication is a process of many aspects that must be continually practiced and perfected. Though there are stumbling blocks in any relationship that may affect communication, following the advice in this letter will help you learn the many aspects of the communication process that must be continually practiced and perfected. I have put together a list of suggestions of communication tools and things to watch out for you both that will serve as a helpful guide in working towards effective communication in your marriage. The list begins with the first effective communication tool which is to develop and practice perfecting your emotional intelligenc e. â€Å"Accurately perceiving others’ emotions may help to more correctly perceive the partner’s needs and opinions and result in better perspective taking.† (Schrà ¶der-Abà © & Schà ¼tz, 2011, p. 156). Without emotional intelligence, you will not be able to understand, interpret, and correctly respond to the emotions of the other person. Emotional intelligence allows my husband to correctly perceive when a particular issue is important to me even if he does not feel the same way. By disregarding the importance of the issue for me, he is showing a lack of empathy and/or a lack of sensitivity towards the situation. The repeated practice of this process helps couples in developing â€Å"relationship satisfaction or closeness† with each other. (Schrà ¶der-Abà © & Schà ¼tz, 2011, p. 156). â€Å"People who are aware of their emotions and are sensitive to the emotions of others are better able to handle the ups and downs of life, to  rebound from adversity, and to maintain fulfilling relationships with others.† (Sole, 2011, Ch. 2.5, para. 4). Read more:  How many words is a 10-minute speech. Emotional intelligence can be achieved by raising self-awareness, providing empathy for the other person, and by developing self-control over your emotions. (Mind Tools, 2013). Self-awareness is paying attention to what you are focusing on and how you will interpret the world. (Sole, 2011, p. 74). Self-awareness will allow a person to have control over their thoughts, emotions, reactions which will all have an effect on their behavior. A person that does not develop self-awareness could make tense situations worse by their behavior, reactions, lack of empathy, or a lack of sensitivity. A person that does not have control over their emotions lessens the likeliness of rational and coherent thinking. The next communication tool on my suggested list is to practice self-disclosure, also another opportunity to develop emotional intelligence. Self-disclosure is described as â€Å"sharing your private feelings, fears, doubts and perceptions with your partner.† (Schoenberg, 2011). There is nothing to be gained if there is no self-disclosure between two people. The ideal self-disclosure between each other should mirror each other. If the level of self-disclosure is not identical for each person, it could lead to feelings of resentment, anger, embarrassment, low self-esteem, and the like which can lead to conflict. As the back-and-forth of the self-disclosure process progresses, so should the level of intimate information. If the levels of self-disclosure are mirrored, it can build a feeling of trust and it can give each person a feeling of closeness to the other person. When my husband and I first started dating, we would spend hours deep in conversation getting to know each other. We have since enjoyed talking to each other. It is easily forgotten how to have meaningful conversations amid the bustle of life where functional conversation or polite pleasantries become a daily routine. In an article I read that was written by Schoenberg (2011), it suggests taking at least 10 minutes per day to discuss self-disclosure topics with each other. This could be a great technique to build a strong and firm foundation that also helps strengthen your emotional intelligence skills. As we grow older, we change in our feelings, perspectives, perception, and the like. In taking the time to practice the suggested daily 10 minutes to engage in mini sessions of self-disclosure, it keeps a couple connected, growing together in sync, and  it improves the quality of communication. I will use myself and my husband as an example of the effectiveness of the 10 minute self-disclosure technique. My husband is busy with his day at work in the Army and I am busy with school and taking care of the kids. Every day is a nonstop busy day where we each have our responsibilities. Every evening before we got to sleep, my husband and I take the allotted time to remember ourselves as a couple. Even though we have been married for 11 years, we still ask each other simple open ended questions such as, â€Å"What movie did you like the most as a kid?†, â€Å"What did your family do for fun growing up?†, and â€Å"What places would you like to visit?†. When you ask open-ended questions such as â€Å"who†, â€Å"what†, â€Å"where†, â€Å"when†, â€Å"why†, and â€Å"how†, it requires â€Å"more than a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answer and encourages the other person to talk†. (Sole, 2011, p. 172). There is always a possibility for you to run into stumbling blocks within interpersonal interactions to each other. Stumbling blocks could be in the form of self-image, self-esteem, and misinterpretation. Self-image is what we tell ourselves what we look like, if we are fat or skinny, pretty or ugly, smart or dumb, and the like. It is important to have a positive self-image because in accepting and loving yourself, it will allow you to be accepted and loved by another person. (Sole, 2011, Ch. 3.1, para. 29). If you do not have a positive self-image, it can be difficult to accept that another person accepts and loves you which could lead to distrust in a relationship. Self-esteem is your sense of self-worth and the level of satisfaction you have with yourself. (Sole, 2011, Ch. 3.1, Para. 30). A low self-esteem could cause problems within the relationship because it could bring a pessimistic attitude to difficulties that may rise. For many people, weight issues have the potential to cause low self-esteem. A great example of this concept would be myself at the times when I am at my heaviest and/or I am badly in need of a haircut. My outlook is grim and chocked with frustration. I tend to have a negative attitude towards those around me and I have little to no desire to leave the house. This is in opposition to when I have improved my appearance and my self-esteem raises along with my attitude. I try to maintain a healthy self-esteem, which I suspect allows me to pull myself out of the pocket of low self-esteem when needed. A person with a healthy sense of self-esteem thinks highly of themselves and has confidence in their ability to bounce back from any adversities. If I did  not do my best to maintain a healthy self-esteem, I do not think I would be able to pull myself o ut of the low pockets of self-esteem. Instead, I would most likely fall into a depression. To further demonstrate this concept, we can use an analogy of a person that takes vitamins on a daily basis. The person takes vitamins to strengthen their immune system but that does not guarantee they will never get sick. A healthy immune system will â€Å"make you less vulnerable to disease and better equipped to overcome it†. (Esteemed Self, 2013). In applying this analogy towards a person’s self-image, a healthy self-image will not guarantee there will never be adversities. A healthy self-image will make a person less at risk of succumbing to adversity and able to overcome it. In essence, having a healthy self-image allows a person to believe in themselves and to be okay with the way they look, feel, and so forth. Another potential stumbling block is misinterpretation. Misinterpretation occurs when one person incorrectly perceives the message of the other person. It is important to give feedback and to receive fee dback to ensure proper communication. Correct understanding is essential for effective communication between each other. Misinterpretation can come from the tone in a person’s voice or from any nonverbal communication. The tone of a voice can sound very unfriendly from the sender, perhaps from having a bad day, which could confuse the listener. The listener could internalize the negative tone in the speaker’s voice thinking it is directed at them. Other problems with the tone of our voices could include unclear mumbling, yelling, talking too fast, or an irritated tone could all contribute to miscommunications. We must be conscious of the tone in our voices to avoid any miscommunications. Nonverbal communication is the message that our bodies give off. Much like the tone of our voices, it is important that we are mindful of what our body language is telling the person we are speaking to. For example, what we do with our eyes while we are communicating can signal to the other person if we are uninterested or bored in the conversation (not making eye contact, looking away, looking at our wat ch, etc.). Much like our eyes can communicate a message to the other person, so can our facial expressions. Our facial expressions can signal to the other person how we feel but, at times can be miscommunicated as insincerity. (Sole, 2011, p. 119). Body posture and hand gestures are also part of the nonverbal communication that we must be cognizant of. Body  posture can send messages of disinterest if, for example, a person is folding their arms while they are communicating. Folding your arms can be very tempting to do, especially during a conflict. The examples of nonverbal communication mentioned will only serve as an aggravation to the situation, or rather conflict. An example of this is when my husband would smile as he was making a point during our disagreements (conflicts). It was not a genuine smile, but rather a condescending smile. After thinking about the behavior during our disagreements, my husband and I made a pact to do our best at avoiding this type of negative nonverbal communication. It is important to practice a healthy sense of self-concept, which is an inventory of your strengths, weaknesses, traits, race, heritage, and any other description that makes you who you are today. (Sole, 2011, Ch. 3.1, para. 1). Throughout your life up to this point, you have had many experiences to react and interpret different situations. My particular example of this would be the cultures that I grew up in. One illustration would be the Hispanic culture that my family and I are a part of. I experienced a sense of belonging to the Hispanic community and it therefore played a part in defining my self-concept. A sense of belonging is an important experience for a person so that they will see themselves as â€Å"loved, loving, and valuable†. (Ferrer & Fugate, 2003). In short, a person with a healthy sense of self-concept is able to have balance in their lives and is able to have better control over themselves, such as their emotions. This healthy sense of self-concept has a positive effect on relationships. Much like self-esteem or self-image, a negative sense of self-concept has the potential to keep a person from developing a feeling of belonging. In lacking the feeling of belonging, it could serve as a wedge that separates the individual from another person thus preventing any closeness in forming. Throughout our formative years, we experience reactions from people that serve as a form of feedback or we perform a self-analysis on ourselves based on that feedback. One or both of these make their own particular contribution in shaping our self-concept, a sense of who we are based on a combination of the cultures we have belonged to. Over time, this combination of who we are strengthens our self-concept and is an important influence on your ability to perceive and overcome difficulties. In application to your relationship, your self-concept has an influence on how you will handle  personal and sensitive issues that may arise. When communicating with each other, it is essential to develop good listening skills. Listening has the power to make the other person feel worthy, appreciated, and respected. It is a very uncomfortable feeling when you are speaking to someone, they have poor listening skills, and you are left to wonder if they even care about what you are talking about. Comprehension listening, or â€Å"critical listening†, is listening for facts, information, or ideas that may be of use to you. (Sole, 2011, Ch. 7.3, Para. 16). Empathetic listening is when you make an attempt to put yourself in the other person’s shoes. (Sole, 2011, Ch. 7.3, Para. 18). Both types of listening will be of great use to you in your marriage. A great technique for both types of listening is the speaker-listener technique. To begin the exercise, the first speaker has the floor and when he or she is finished, the listener then summarizes what the speaker just said. This process is repeated back and forth throughout the disagreement or conversation. This technique helps in ensuring both people communicating are understanding each other. In taking a moment to summarize what the speaker has said, it gives validation to the speaker. This could also tie into emotional intelligence, or more specifically, the ability to be empathetic towards the other person. When a person does not feel validated, they will be less likely to listen to the other person. This is an effective technique to use when two people have difficulty in commun icating with each other. Case in point, during the early years of my marriage to my husband, we were having difficulty during our disagreements. Our disagreements were filled with emotions and were very tense. Each of us wanted to get our point across and wanted the other person to listen to us. We realized we were accomplishing nothing. We made a decision to attend counseling where we learned the speaker-listener technique. My husband and I both have a better understanding the importance of validity. It is essential for a person to be heard and validated in a conflict. In doing so, they will be more open to compromising with the other person. It has taken me many years to understand the importance of communication skills such as self-disclosure, emotional intelligence, and the speaker-listener technique. All of these skills combined help in avoiding the type of pitfalls that can hurt a marriage rather than help. I stress the importance of all of these skills to you so that you will be successful in the coming years of  marriage. I will also stress avoiding stumbling blocks such as low self-esteem and misinterpretation that can rob any marriage of the joy of healthy communication. I am confident that both of you will be successful in practicing and perfecting the art of communication in the years to come. One last note to remember, interpersonal communication is ever changing because people are ever changing, therefore you will always need to practice and perfect it. Good luck on your marriage and have fun learning to communicate with each other! References Esteemed Self. (2013). The Dangers of Low Self-Esteem. Retrieved from http://www.esteemedself.com/what-is-self-esteem/the-dangers-of-low-self-esteem/ Ferrer, M., & Fugate, A.M. (2003). Helping Your School-Age Child Develop a Healthy Self-Concept. EDIS. Retrieved from http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy570 Schoenberg, N. (2011, January 17). Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in happy marriages. McClatchy-Tribune News Service. Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand. Document ID: 2240370261 Schrà ¶der-Abà ©, M., & Schà ¼tz, A. (2011). Walking in each other’s shoes: Perspective taking mediates effects of emotional intelligence on relationship quality. European Journal of Personality, 25(2), 155-169. Doi:10.1002/per.818 Sole, K. (2011).Making connections: Understanding interpersonal communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Mind Tools. (2013). Emotional intelligence. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_59.htm

HAL, Inc. is a major manufacturer of computers and computer components Essay

HAL, Inc. is a major manufacturer of computers and computer components. In one of their plants they made printed circuit boards (PCB’s), which were used by other plants in the company in a variety of computer products. The basic process runs 3 shifts per day and it can be briefly depicted by following flow diagram Optical Test-internal Pro-Coat Copper plate Drilling Optical Test- external End of line test Sizing Machining Lamination core Treater procMess Internal circuitize Lamination composite External circuitize The targeted output for the plant is 3000 boards per day, five days a week, with plant running three shifts per day. But the plant has been failed to reach and maintain the targeted throughput at a steady rate due to manufacturing complexities associated with the product mix. It was also found that, the output of the pro-coat process is very slow (1200 boards/day) compared to the expected throughput and therefore Hal has to engage a vendor on the pro- coat process to fulfil the demand. This engagement of vendor has caused increase in cost per board and two days delay because of shipping up and back. So the Hal is striving to increase the throughput of the pro-coat process and the purpose of this case study is to provide some guidance to them in their effort by giving some recommendations to improve the existing system. Floor arrangement and the work flow of the pro-coat process Daily demand = 3000 boards Working hours = 24- (Breaks + Lunch + shift change + Meeting) = 24-(20X2X3+40X3+10X3+90/5) = 19.2 hrs Demand= 3000/(19.2X60) = 2.604 boards/min Assumption; 1. Demand = Arrival rate (ra=2.604 boards/min) 2. Arrival pattern exponentially distributed (Ca2=1) Machine Name| Mean process (load) time (min)| Std. Dev. Process Time (min)| Trip Time (conveyor) (min)| MTBF (hr)| MTTR (hr)| Setup time (min)| Availability| Number of machines| Rate per day| Clean| 0.33| 0| 15| 80| 4| 0| 0.95238| 1| 3325| Coat 1| 0.33| 0| 15| 80| 4| 0| 0.95238| 1| 3325| Coat 2| 0.33| 0| 15| 80| 4| 0| 0.95238| 1| 3325| Expose| 103| 67| 0| 300| 10| 15| 0.96774| 5| 2834| Develop| 0.33| 0| 2.67| 300| 3| 0| 0.99010| 1| 3456| Inspect| 0.5| 0.5| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1.00000| 2| 4608| Bake| 0.33| 0| 100| 300| 3| 0| 0.99010| 1| 3456| MI| 161| 64| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1.00000| 8| 3435| Touchup| 9| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1.00000| 1| 7680| Once analysed the Hal pro coat process, the expose work station (highlighted in above table) has been found as bottle neck operation under the 19.2 working hour situation. But the company goal is to achieve 3000 boards per day. If the company operate under the optimum condition, 2,834 boards could be produces, which is still below the company goal. According to the given data in the case was deeply analysed as follow. Assumption: Inspection and MI are manual operations. So number of work benchers has been considered as 8 in MI operation and 2 in inspection work station. It could be possible to eliminate the bottleneck situation by adding resource (No of operators). 1. Cleaning Effective processing time (te) = t0A = 0.33/0.95238 = 0.3465 min Utilization (u) = rax te = 2.604 X 0.3465 = 0.902 Ce2= C02+1+Cr2A(1-A)mrt0 Ce2= o+1+00.95238(1-0.95238)2400.33 = 32.98 Departure rate; Cd2=u2Ce2+(1-u2)Ca2 = 0.9022x 32.98+1-0.9022x 1 = 27.019 cd2 =27.019 2. Coat 1 Similarly, Effective processing time (te) = 0.3465 min Utilization = 0.902 Ce2= C02+1+Cr2A(1-A)mrt0 ce 2 =32.98 Cd2=u2Ce2+(1-u2)Ca2 = 0.9022x 32.98+1-0.9022x 27.019 cd2=31.87 3. Coat 2 Similarly, Effective processing time (te) = 0.3465 min Utilization = 0.902 Ce2= C02+1+Cr2A(1-A)mrt0 ce2 =32.98 Cd2=u2Ce2+(1-u2)Ca2 = 0.9022x 32.98+1-0.9022x 31.87 cd2=32.77 4. Coating and expose Since the coating 2 processing rate greater than the arrival rate of the pro- coat system. Arrival rate of the expose machine govern by the arrival rate of pro-coat system Expose machine calculations based on jobs (60 boards = 1 job) Arrival rate =2.604/60 =0.0434 jobs/min Buffer size = 05 Blocking size = (buffer size + maximum jobs in expose machines) = 5 + 5 b = 10 ra=0.0434 Ca2=32.77 Coating 2 Expose = 10 Preemptive outages; Effective processing time (te) = t0A = 103/0.9677 = 106.43 min Assumption; Number of boards between setups = 120 Total effective processing time (Preemptive and Non-preemptive outages); (te) = t0A+tsNsx job size = 1.720.9677+15120x 60 = 114.14 min Assumption – Standard deviation for repair = 0 min (constant distribution) Preemptive outage variance = ÏÆ'02A2+(mr2+ÏÆ'r2)(1-A)t0Amr =672.96772+6002+01-0.9677Ãâ€"1030.9677Ãâ€"600 = 6856.43 Preemptive outage SCV Ce2= C02+1+Cr2A(1-A)mrt0 = 6721032+1+0x0.9677Ãâ€"1-.9677Ãâ€"600103 =0.6052 Assumption- No variation in setups (constant distribution) Total variance (preemptive + non-preemptive outage) = ÏÆ'02+ÏÆ's2Ns+(Ns-1)Ns2ts2 = 6856.43+0+(120-1)1202152 =6858.29 SCV for expose(preemptive + non-preemptive outage) = =Ce2= ÏÆ'e2te2 = 6858.29114.142 = 0.526 Utilization for expose = raxtem = 0.0434Ãâ€"114.145 =0.99 Arrival SCV for batch = Arrival SCV for individual part/batch size = 32.7760 = 0.546 U

British Defence Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Defence Policy - Essay Example The passengers on the fourth plane rose up and fought their oppressors, but the price was fatal. By the time that military responses could be coordinated, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had already been hit. Paradigm shifts like this were part of the rationale behind the writing of the Defence White Paper entitled "Delivering Security in a Changing World" in 2003. The British government recognized a number of factors that necessitated changes in the ways that government agencies handled domestic security. According to the introduction to the white paper, it was "evident that the successful management of international security problems [would] require ever more integrated planning of military, diplomatic and economic instruments at both national and international levels" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). In other words, not only would countries have to be able to cooperate in ways that had not yet been possible in meeting the challenges of a common enemy, agencies within the same government would also have to work in concert swiftly to meet the challenges of terrorism, and there are many countries in which this interagency cooperation would prove more of a challenge than finding common g round with other countries. The improvement in military technologies was also a factor, which led those writing the paper to "look at how.new technologies [can] deliver military effects in different ways[including] flexible forces able to configure to generate the right capability in a less predictable and more complex operational environment" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). The goal of the white paper was to "move away from simplistic platform-centric planning to a fully 'networked enabled capability' able to exploit effects-based planning and operations, using forces which are truly adaptable, capable of even greater levels of precision, and rapidly deployable" (Ministry of Defence 2003, p. 1). Clearly, some paradigm shifts were underway in the restructuring of British security. Although the British government conducted another SDR in 2002, after the 9/11 attacks in the United States, there were other international events and factors that led to the writing of this white paper. The first one mentioned was the large number of small crises that were occurring all over the globe, including Kosovo, Macedonia, Sierra Leone, East Timor, Afghanistan, Congo, and Iraq - all at once. Constructing a military to face two or three theaters, at most, would be outdated in the current security environment. Also, while theaters in past conflicts, such as the Falkland Islands, or even such conflicts that, at the time, seemed protracted (like the Second World War), ended up taking less time to resolve that some of these foreign crises have in the past decade. Also, the structure of NATO has changed, transitioning from a group of large, static forces to smaller response teams that can go outside the NATO territory. Similarly, the creation of the European Security and Defence P olicy (ESDP) has fragmented the size of response teams even further. Also, a strategic partnership with Russia could present a variety of demands, given the instability that, at times, has plagued Russia's infrastructure, particularly their oil pipelines. The spreading of weapons of mass destruction around the world, and particularly the ease with which individuals and small

Discuss the development of Implied Terms in English Contract Law and Essay

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CRITQUE MY PEERS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Head Start Early Education Program Annotated Bibliography

Head Start Early Education Program - Annotated Bibliography Example Educational development is both a short-and long-term goal. As noted by Sciarra et al. (2015), the program serves the at-risk preschool-age children. To ensure its continuity, funds are provided by the federal government through the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. The transition from preschool to elementary school results in varied changes in the development of the child such as the need for children to engage successfully with their peers outside the home and adjust the space and requirements of the classroom. To that effect, the McWayne et al (2012) discuss how the Head Start Early Education Program is designed to develop strong family relationships, improve the children’s educational performance, and design an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. Deming (2009) asserts that the Head Start Educational program is among the longest-running programs in America that attempt to address systematic poverty and improve educational performance. It is equally important to note that the ABCD Head Start program is at the forefront of cutting-edge work in early education. The program helps the children develop their brain (Action for Boston Community Development, 2015). Lee (2011) illustrates the effect of the duration of Head Start enrollment on the academic outcomes of children. The study reported that the program improved performance. Furthermore, the article by Besharov and Call (2009) critique the program outlining its weaknesses. The article provided crucial information on elements of the policy that require reform. Lee, K. (2011). "Impacts of the duration of Head Start enrollment on childrens academic outcomes: Moderation effects of family risk factors and earlier outcomes." Journal of Community Psychology 39 (6),

The Co-Ordination of the Human Body by the Endocrine and Nervous Research Paper

The Co-Ordination of the Human Body by the Endocrine and Nervous System - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the central nervous system (CNS) is the largest part of the nervous system and includes the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cavity holds and protects the spinal cord, while the head contains and protects the brain. The CNS is covered by the meninges, a three-layered protective coat. The brain is also protected by the skull, and the spinal cord is also protected by the vertebrae.  The bodies of the nerve cells lie in the CNS, either in the brain or the spinal cord, and the length of the cellular processes of these cells, known as axons, extend through the limbs and the flesh of the torso. The large majority of the axons which are commonly called nerves are considered to be PNS. The cell bodies of afferent PNS nerves lie in the dorsal root ganglia.  Autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls smooth and cardiac muscles and organs of the digestive, circulatory, excretion and endocrine systems (involuntary actions). ANS consists of two set s of neurons with opposing effects on most body organs. The Endocrine System in humans (overview): The endocrine system is the internal system of the body that deals with chemical communication by means of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete the hormones, and those target cells that respond to hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, growth, development, and puberty, and tissue function and also plays a part in determining mood. The endocrine system functions in long term behavior and works in conjunction with the nervous system in regulating internal functions and maintaining homeostasis.  Hormones regulate bodily functions and are specific in their responses. They can only initiate responses in target cells, which are specifically equipped to respond. Each hormone is recognized by those target cells with receptors compatible with their structure. A hormone receptor is a protein within the target cell or built into the plasma membrane. Once a hormone is released, the first step is the specific binding of the chemical signal to a hormone receptor. The receptor molecule enables the target cell to respond to the hormones chemical signal. These responses vary according to the target cell and lipid solubility.  The control of hormones can be done by 3 methods:  1. Many hormones are controlled by some form of a negative feedback mechanism. In this type of system, a gland is sensitive to the concentration of a substance that it regulates. 2. Some endocrine glands secrete hormones in response to other hormones. 3. A third method is by direct nerve stimulation.  

Metropolis by Giorgio Moroder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Metropolis by Giorgio Moroder - Essay Example With this on hand, the paper will dwell on the view of the movie as women are the source to evil, and how the role of women changed as the movie unfolds. Metropolis The movie, Metropolis, released in 1927, is based on the novel by Thea von Harbou. The movie is a silent film, which was directed by Fritz Lang, who is a German filmmaker. Metropolis was a futuristic city with airplanes, flyovers, and high rise buildings used and occupied by the higher class. This population lives with all the amenities to used and enjoy, such as sports, libraries, cinemas, and the like. On the contrary, beneath the highly urbanized city are the workers who control the functions of the machines used in Metropolis. The workers strive to survive the daily routine of hard work, darkness, and even death below the lively and well-developed city. The movie evolves on the resistance of the workers towards the master of Metropolis, Joh Fredersen. Along with this, the story escalates to the development of the love story between Freder, the son of Joh Fredersen, and Maria, a daughter of a worker who aims for freedom and equality. Freder, as the son of the master of Metropolis, has the freedom to enjoy all the goodness and luxury in life. However, one day, Maria went to the Eternal Garden and brought the children of the workers there, where Freder was also present. Freder, intrigued of the passion he saw in Maria, followed them to the underground city where he saw the laborers suffer and die. The incident that he witnessed rose his concern for the workers. For this reason, he decided to take the place of a worker and was also invited to take part in the meeting that Maria organized to bring hope to the workers. In the meeting, Maria spoke of hope, and that one day a savior with the hand and the heart will come to unite their cities. At the same time, Joh Fredersen had witnessed the power that Maria had over the workers, which made him fear her. For this reason, he assigned Rotwang, a scientist , to create a robot in the likeness of Maria, and to use the robot to gain the loyalty of the workers. However, the robot Maria became out of control and led the workers to destroy the machines underground, not knowing that the machines were built to save their city from flood. Chaos came to being; however, Maria and Freder were able to save the children of the workers, and Freder became the hand and the heart that united the workers and his father (DiMare 346-348). The Portrayal of Women in Metropolis Metropolis is a science fiction film, which has the female persona represented by the cyborg Maria or the robot Maria and the human Maria. The cyborg Maria is linked with the â€Å"social chaos, and revolution suggests that these are not just economic problems: they are also sexual problems† (Brockmann 87). It is also important to note that the cyborg Maria was not created to do the typical activities a robot is expected to do. She was created and given the likeness of the huma n Maria, who poses a threat as reality, and technology unites in her (Ascott 311). Furthermore, the female cyborg, in this case Maria, is a character in the film that is mostly defined as a problematic individual torn between her ability to reproduce and her robotic ability. Most of the time, the character of the female cyborg portrays two roles, which is a hero or a villain. In this case, the cyborg Maria is described by Claudia Springer as an

Views on Gender Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Views on Gender Roles - Essay Example Much of what we learn about gender occurs during our formative years, and it is largely a product of our culture. Mothers and fathers tend to reinforce gender roles in developing children, such as rewarding a boy for achieving in sports, or praising a girl for helping around the house. Because an individual’s culture, background, and upbringing play such a critical role in the development of views on gender, it comes as no surprise that gender views vary greatly. Each individual’s view on gender is unique, but it is not difficult to see that some general statements can be made about an individual’s view on gender based on the characteristics of that individual. Perhaps this holds true because the individual’s view on gender is largely learned from those around him or her, and the people in an individual’s sphere of influence often tend to have similar characteristics. Based on the cross-tabulation provided with the Starks textbook, I used the 2000 General Social Survey data to compare views on the wife at home, presumably in the traditional â€Å"stay-at-home mom† sense, though the website does not give information as to the specific wording of the survey itself (which could have made a difference in the results). The question of whether the wife should be at home was compared by gender, age group, education, income of the family, political party, region, did the mother work when the respondent was a child, and the religion. The results give us insight into how groups of varying characteristics feel about gender. Surprisingly, and most likely a dramatic change over the last fifty years, when questioned, men and women responded very similarly to the question, with 60.1% of females and 58.1% of males disagreeing with the statement. Only a 2% difference is shown between genders, and this small difference becomes even less significant when taken in

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Essay Example As mentioned above, Tesco is nothing less than a living legend since it has been able to survive for so many decades. Quite understandably, this has caught the attention many experts, professionals, and critics. They all wonder about that magic formula or approach or Tesco has, which has enabled it to fight, survive and grow. Tesco takes pride in revealing this magic formula and calls it as Tesco’s way. More importantly, this Tesco’s way was noticeable during the visit to the Magor’s distribution centre. Sophistication in technology, highly trained and capable staff to use the same, simple yet complete and spacious infrastructure, proper planning with back up plans for peak times, efforts undertaken to ensure employee satisfaction, micro management, proper communication amongst employees, acknowledgement of company’s goals by employees and others were showing a glimpse of what makes up the Tesco’s way. Without any doubts, Tesco’s operations revolve around the corporate objectives set by the top management and inherited by its founder Jack Cohen. Jack once said, â€Å"You cannot do business sitting on your ass† (Seth & Randall, pp. 212-213, 2001). Jack’s strategy was of constant hard work, innovation, change, adaptability, and openness to experience and Tesco has inherited the same from him. Constant growth, being valued by the customers, and having the most committed and loyal staff, becoming a global retailer having influence at all parts of the world and making Tesco a strong brand name even for non-food items. Moreover, for creating this value, Tesco believes that it should the understand the needs, cultures and mindset of its customers, create maximum employee satisfaction because it leads to customer satisfaction and divert all its strength, efforts, and innovation towards creating value for its customers. Another famous tagline of Tesco is

Schools and Delinquency Essay Example for Free

Schools and Delinquency Essay The research done on chapter 5 from the book juvenile justice is very interesting to say the least. The way it made the information on it easy to understand is very helpful to me.. Also the research done describes the truancy and dropout rate and the thing that the state is doing to prevent them from increasing more. One of the reasons why researchers think that drop out accrues is because of the race or the ethnicity. One thing that is for sure is that they don’t know the order in which delinquency accurse whether it’s due to drop out or the other social factors or maybe something that’s happening in the youth’s family. They have put up curfews and other programs that have proven to drop the dropout rate and truancy. Which I think is great because the less time the youths have outside the less likely they are to get involved with gangs or start abusing drugs or alcohol. Another research is the shooting rate in schools and how it is a rare crime compared to any other youth related crime, and because it is a rare crime the media covers it and I shock the nation because of it. Because of this the states have given more funding’s to make the schools safer. They want to make sure that the schools are a place where the students can feel safe and not have to worry about being in danger all the time. But still schools still continue to have a high level of crime in them even with all the precautions that are being taken. Most of the time having to do with bullying or sometime it has to do with the fact that students are being introduced to illegal drugs in school premises. The research on bullying say that bullying is one of the factors in school shootings, and because of this research they have started to make programs for anti-bullying. Research also says that males are more likely to report being bullied than females. I think that this is because of the reason the females are more afraid of what is to happen then the males. Also they say that bullying has an effect on attendance for the reason that some kids don’t want to go to school for the reason that they are scared of the people there, and also it has proven to ave a long lasting effect that affect the victim of bullying for long periods of time. The way I think schools should deal with troublesome or kids engaged in delinquency are these. I think that they should be put in different classes. So that the teachers are more focused on the troublesome students and not have to worry about the other well behaved students. Another way to handle this situation is to make a school for youths that are going down the path of delinquency. In this school they should have stricter rules on attendance. If they missed school for to many days they should be taken on a trip to show them what there life could be in the future. I have seen a show where the parents take action and put their kids in a program where they take them to jail and they are treated like criminals. They also introduce them to male and female prisoners that yell and tell them the reasons why there are where they are. Some of the times this program helps put the youth back on track and show them that what they are doing is bad and the life that they could be living is behind bars in a squared box. In my opinion the schools are doing everything in their power to help the trouble some students. I do believe that some teachers don’t worry as much for the youths that are misbehaving because they think that they will get nowhere in life. For this reason is why I think that we should make the things that I mentioned earlier a must that way they get the attention that they need to get and everyone is learning in one way or another. From my experience I think that it is necessary to take action now. I have seen many people drop out of school because they thought that what they are learn is use less but because most of the time teachers don’t give them the attention they needed because sometimes when youth misbehaved was because they thought that the work was hard and the teachers would not help them with it because they may have not cared about them because of the way they behaved. Being involved in a youth’s life is important for many reasons and one main reason is so that the youth does not fall into the wrong steps in life. Having read all this research on delinquency has opened up my mind that it does not only happen for one reason but for many like for example being bullied or not understanding the work given to them at school and acting out on it in a bad way so that their peers don’t realize the reasons to why they never want to do their work.

Developmental Delays and Trauma Essay Example for Free

Developmental Delays and Trauma Essay Developmental delays is when your child does not reach their developmental milestones at the projected times. It is an ongoing major or minor delay in the course of development. Developmental delays can have many different causes. There are many types of Developmental delays in children; they include problems with language or speech, vision, movement (motor skills), social, emotional and cognitive skills (van der Kolk, 1995). Developmental delays are easily distinguished if you pay close attention to the development and milestone periods contained by children; for example if you notice a child having a low attention span, they can’t stay still, they’re highly active and energetic all the time, that’s perhaps due to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD. There are so many different things that can cause developmental delays and children aren’t always born with developmental delays. Although, developmental delays can be genetic or born with, there are times when trauma at different ages can cause developmental delays such as a child being abused and suffering brain trauma, concussion, which could cause memory lost. Or there could be an accident and a child or adult undergo serious injuries to the spine, eyes, etc. Spinal injuries can be of damage to you motor skills. Spinal injuries or brain injuries if serious can lead to you basically having to start over as if you were a baby learning to walk, read, jump, or talk. The Shaken baby syndrome also can be a trauma that can cause brain injuries. There are numerous of things that have major components to play in developmental delays. Trauma definitely plays a one of those major parts in developmental delays. There are a number of Trauma’s that can cause development delays. It doesn’t always have to be abuse or accidents. Trauma can be caused by divorce, neglect, bullying, sports injuries, or even bad relationship breaks up. These types of trauma are called psychological trauma. Psychological  traumas effects are mostly emotional and it isn’t always permanent. Psychological trauma causes anger, irritability; mood swings, guilt, hopeless, anxiety, withdrawing, and disconnected to name a few. For divorce, Feldman says (2011) ch ildren and adults may experience depression, and disturbances and phobias and these things last from 6 months up until 2 years. Feldman states children whose parents are divorcing blames themselves for the breakup. He also states, evidence shows that twice as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling (Feldman, 2011). Children under the age 18 suffer 40% more anxiety as a result of divorce (van der Kolk, 1995). About 10-15 percent of students are bullied one time or the other (Feldman, 2011) and almost 85% of girls and 80% of boys are being bullied (Feldman, 2011). Those who are bullied lack social skills, cry easy (Feldman, 2011), and they experience depression, stress, anger, etc. Prayer and meditation help brain activity. Mediation to the mind is like an aerobic exercise to the body. Studies have also shown that meditation promotes mindfulness, decreased stress, insomnia, illnesses, depression, anxiety and panic. Spiritual connection brings comfort and healing to trauma. Researchers are learning the parts of the brain that are responsible for the spiritual thoughts, prayer and meditation. In one of our presentations his week, Dr. Jeanne Brooks stated that we have a spir itual part in our brain (2014). There are good and bad parts to everyone, I believe the good part is the spiritual part in everyone. For example, we’ve all seen cartoons in which there was a devil on one shoulder and an angel on the other. The shoulder with the angel is the part of us, the part of our brain or conscious that’s spiritual. References Brooks, Jeanne Dr. â€Å"Divorce and Stress† video presentation. LUO (2014) Feldman, R.S. (2014). Development across the Life Span (7th edition) Namka,, L. (2001). Children who are traumatized by bullying. alk, Trust and Feel Therapeutics., p. 18. Van Der Kolk, an der Kolk, B. (1995). developmental trauma disorder : Towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories.

International business cross cultural skills

International business cross cultural skills International Business Skills Our aim is to provide a critical assessment, reflecting on the materials which we learned and covered during the module of â€Å"International Business Skills†. This module is based on two basics skills which are essential and very useful in business operations namely, numerical and soft skills. Numerical skills referred to exchange rate calculation while Soft skills are related to cross-cultural teamwork, networking, cross-cultural leadership, win-win negotiating, cultural exchanges and resolving conflicts. Through these different topics, which easily you can assume that are different levels in a scale, you can develop and obtain individual knowledge and understanding. Therefore joined the knowledge that you get from each level, you acquire an integrated sense of what skills required for an international manager. In order to be more specific, we intent to discuss with more details each topic separately and have a deep analysis of what we have learn and how these may be related to any previous knowledge. Also we will examine in what extend are relevant to international business and ways which we can apply our learning. There are eight topics which are: Numerical Skills Generally the organizations and companies are come and face up a range of mathematical functions in order to calculate vital information for the organization. In this topic we mention on the issues of financial mathematics which encounter by a company/organization in a daily routine. Refereeing to the financial mathematics we mean the Interest Rate and Compound Interest, the Present Value, Net Present Value (NPV) and Future Value, Annuities, Guilds and Corporate Bonds and finally the Exchange Rate. Consequently during this lecture we learnt and understand the meaning of these notions and I link them with my previous experience and knowledge, which some of them I acquire from daily life and transaction with banks, in order to have an integrated view. Having done the theory behind the Interest Rate and Compound Interest, we learned how to calculate these, how banks think and operate each of these in different circumstances i.e. for people, for business and organizations and finally how organizations treat each interest in order to find which is more profitable for the company. Another basic theory in this part is the Net Present Value (NPV), in which we learned how to appraise long-terms projects using the time value of money. The NPV is related with the Annuities (for instance how the insurance companies work) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Discount Rate. The calculation of NPV is very important in financial calculations because can help you to decide whether you should accept a cash rebate. Generally speaking NPV and IRR help us decide whether to accept or reject investment proposals. It is major to mention that as the discount rate increases the NPV falls down. Bonds have the same ideas based on the same ideas with PV and FV and therefore have the same results. A part of this topic was the Exchange Rate which we learnt how to calculate and understand the background behind them. This is very crucial and relevant with international business because all the companies/organization interchange money Cross-Cultural Teamwork Nowadays team working is given and very popular, so many companies tend to adopt this trend. It comprises one of the major factors in business organisation. Teamwork is crucial for the success in the business as when you utilize a team effectively, it helps to cultivate/foster a percept/sense of belonging for team members, assists in the completion of duties and tasks and therefore these contributes positively to the overall success of the company. Consequently managers, administrators and general people who work in companies they need to learn and acquire the relevant outfits/accoutrements for a good teamwork. So, one of the things that we covered through this course was the Cross-Cultural Teamwork. During this section we realized vital points for team building, like how to gain dynamic rapport among team members, how to stimulate creativity and discover new ways of strategizing and solving challenges. Also we have learned to trust, appreciate individual differences and strengths and how to strengthen teamwork and motivation. Is incredible the fact that by carried out some activities in this session, but also in previous group assignments, we went through the four basic stages that Tuckmans refer in his theory, without to notice it. First the group come together and tries to know each other but they keep a position of guardedness. Then members discussed and tell their opinion about the solution approach. In this stage they begin to argue but at the end they come up with the best solution for the problem and therefore they have got a clear view for the rules, norms and roles that each individual will has. Finally the team starts to work on the project to attain their target. In other words, these are the four stages of Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing according to Tuckmans theory. Have in mind all the stuff that we learned and combine them with Belbins Team Roles we can find the people who fit best with us, in order to built a good team and get the best performance and results. Team work has many advantages as it increases the performance of the organization, reduces the cost and gives many avails to the employees. Thus is relevant to business and particularly to International Business, where the organisation expects to expand abroad and therefore is necessary to collaborate and coordinate to achieve the â€Å"successful† team. Networking Networking is very important for people and business in order to develop relationships. Through the networking you get the ability to seek, identify, create effective contacts with others and maintain those contacts for mutual benefit. Networking simply builds when you meet people, you start to get the know them and build trust when there is honesty in the relationship. In this topic we have learned significant tips which can help you get started and build your confidence to know more easily other people. All these tips are interrelated with the way you talk, body posture and a positive body language. This lecture improves and develops skills that already have and actuate me to realize that eye contact, active listening and a small talk, in order to find background details about the person in front of you are substantial points to build a network. Networking is always easier when you feel relax and comfortable and be yourself. Network with confidence helps you create more connections. In business, networking skills is meaningful to success and growth of the company. By honing your ability to network effectively, you create a pool of contacts such customers, suppliers, peers and mentors that you can call upon you make your business run more smoothly. Networking is the key for accomplishment. Sum all up networking is high of importance and can be applied in the daily life routine to help you with the communication with other people, find new contacts and use them not only for future job opportunities but also to help each other. That is the very heart of networking. Presenting with Presence Presenting with presence concern with the challenges and enjoyable methods adapted for presentation and focus on each persons unique presenting style. Main purpose of a presentation is to transfer a set of ideas by the presenter to the audience. In order to be successful the transfer of the message requires good knowledge of the subject and to take into account the characteristics of the audience. This topic has a lot of interesting things to give you. The most important is that we detect the secret of effective presentation, is the good preparation, which gives additional confidence and helps in the elimination of stress in front of the audience. Also we discover how to command and be able to keep the attention of the audience, to overcome any fear of public speaking, use our unique individual style appropriately and inspire and influence the audience. Once again this topic is relevant to International Business because everybody who works in a company at any time is†¦kaloumai.. to present to shareholder on behalf of the organisation, the board of management or fellow staff members. Therefore we are responsible for the way we communicate and the impression we leave with our personal targets audiences. Having presence means how to utilize your personal presence and power. Finally the materials we have learned can be useful and applied everywhere, as everyone presents important information to others. For this is required basic knowledge of the presenting presence skills. Cross-Cultural Leadership Emotional Intelligence Win-Win Negotiations Art and Business

Indias Economy and Infrastructure :: India Economy

India's Economy and Infrastructure OVERVIEW India is rich in natural resources and manpower and has made significant economic progress since attaining independence in 1947. India's economy encompasses traditional village farming, forestry, fishing, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of support services. Economy transformed from primarily agriculture, forestry, fishing, and textile manufacturing in 1947 to major heavy industry, transportation, and telecommunications industries by late 1970s. Central government planning in 1950 through late 1970s giving way to economic reforms and more private-sector initiatives in 1980s and 1990s. A sophisticated industrial base has been created and a large pool of skilled manpower has emerged. Nevertheless, 67% of India's labor force (nearly 400 million) works in agriculture, which contributes 30% of the country's GDP. Production, trade, and investment reforms since 1991 have provided new opportunities for Indian businesspersons and an estimated 300 million middle class consumers. New Delhi has avoided debt rescheduling, attracted foreign investment, and revived confidence in India's economic prospects since 1991. Many of the country's fundamentals - including savings rates (26% of GDP) and reserves (now about $24 billion) - are healthy. Inflation eased to 7% in 1997, and interest rates dropped to between 10% and 13%. Even so, the Indian Government needs to restore the early momentum of reform, especially by continuing reductions in the extensive remaining government regulations. Moreover, economic policy changes have not yet significantly increased jobs or reduced the risk that international financial strains will reemerge within the next few years. Nearly 40% of the Indian population remains too poor to afford an adequate diet. India's exports, currency, and foreign institutional investment were affected by the East Asian crisis in late 1997 and early 1998, but capital account controls, a low ratio of short-term debt to reserves, and enhanced supervision of the financial sector helped insulate it from near term balance-of-payments problems. Export growth, has been slipping in 1996-97, averaging only about 4% to 5%Ââ€"a large drop from the more than 20% increases it was experiencing over the prior three yearsÂâ€"mainly because of the fall in Asian currencies relative to the rupee. Energy, telecommunications, and transportation shortages and the legacy of inefficient factories constrain industrial growth, which expanded only 6.7% in 1997Ââ€"down from more than 11% in 1996. Growth of the agricultural sector is still fairly slow rebounding to only 5.7% in 1997 from a fall of 0.1% in 1996. Agricultural investment has slowed, while costly subsidies on fertilizer, food distribution, and rural electricity remain .

The Industry and Competition of the Bus Industry :: Buses Transportation Automobiles Essays

The Industry and Competition of the Bus Industry Several large companies have focused on the multi-occupant vehicle market, specifically school bus production, in North America. Competitors within the school bus manufacturing industry consist of the Henlys Group PLC, a British based company, and two U.S. bus companies, Collins Industries Inc. and Navistar International. Henlys consists of Blue Bird Corporation, Prevost Car Inc., Nova Bus and TransBus International Ltd. Collins Industries operates seven vehicle companies including Collins Bus Corporation and Mid Bus Corporation that make up their school bus line. And finally, Navistar International, which also produces school buses, is divided into three principal industry segments. These segments are trucks/buses, engines, and financial services. In October 1999, Henlys acquired Blue Bird Corporation. This horizontal acquisition gave Henlys a competitive advantage in the North American school bus market. Currently, Blue Bird has increased its market share to over 47% making the bus market Henlys core business. Blue Bird, financially, accounts for 59% of total corporate sales and 81% of Henlys profits. Within Blue Bird, school bus sales accounted for 83% of total sales. Blue Bird offers three styles of small buses and three different large buses, all designed to meet customer needs. They have also teamed up with the Southwest Research Institute to develop the bus of the future, Envirobus. The joint venture was commissioned by the Department of Energy in response to increased pressure from various environmentalist groups to develop buses that are safer and environmentally conscious. This acquisition makes Henlys the largest company in sales of school buses in the North American Market. Besides school buses, Blue Bird a lso produces commercial buses and recreational vehicles. Henlys is also able to take advantage of Blue Bird’s extensive network of distributors. These areas complement Henlys other areas of operations by building on their core competencies. Prior to the Blue Bird acquisition, Henlys Group used the cooperative strategy of equity strategic alliance to expand its bus and coach operations outside of its borders. With this one acquisition, the Henlys Group has achieved economy of scale and now controls 47% of the school bus market in North America. Henlys equity alliance partner profile includes a partnership with Volvo that jointly owns Prevost car Inc. and Nova bus. This joint venture accounts for a 25% market share in North America’s coach market and is the market leader in bus shells for motor homes supplying 80% of that market.

Emily Dickenson :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Emily Dickenson Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800's. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the "Great Awakenings" and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, "Whoso would be a [hu]man, must be a non-conformist." Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emerson's essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a substantial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emily's feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Otis P. Emily Dickenson :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Emily Dickenson Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800's. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the "Great Awakenings" and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, "Whoso would be a [hu]man, must be a non-conformist." Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emerson's essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a substantial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emily's feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Otis P.

Comparing two openings of Lord of the flies and Great expectations Essay

It is important that the opening of a book should be able to entice the reader to carry on and pursue the reader to finish the book through and an exciting or a mysterious opening that will encourage the reader to find out what would happen next. I find that Charles Dickens’ opening for â€Å"Great Expectations† had to be exciting and dramatic because he sold his chapters in weekly issued ‘magazines’ which meant that if the opening issue wasn’t exciting enough for the reader, he or she would not buy any more issues of Dickens’. In ‘Great Expectations’, we are introduced to the main character Pip. This is because the story is told in the first person. We are ‘semi-introduced’ to the convict halfway through the chapter. I feel that Dickens makes the child (Pip) believable by showing his innocence through his speech and dialogue; â€Å"Also Georgina†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I feel that this quote shows he’s not old enough not to add the word â€Å"also† in front of a name on a gravestone. Another good example of making Pip more believable is when he describes the appearance of the convict; â€Å"†¦soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The repetition of the word â€Å"and† makes the speech more familiar to what a child would say when he or she gets excited or scared of something. Dickens also makes the convict believable by the use of dialect, appearance and actions he makes the convict use during his encounter with Pip at the graveyard. â€Å"Give it mouth!† this quote shows that the dialogue is quite authentic or colloquial. Dickens also shows how the convict frightens Pip as he â€Å"tilted† him lower until he â€Å"looked most powerfully down into mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This could create fear for Pip and also invites the audience to feel sorry for Pip and hopefully wanting to know what happens next. The convict’s appearance is quite detailed and quite believable; â€Å"†¦all in coarse gray, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head.† This quote shows that from his clothes and the â€Å"great iron† on his leg, it is quite clear that the convict has escaped from prison with difficulty coming across the plains. The convict’s actions are also portrayed quite well from the â€Å"dip and roll† to hugging his â€Å"shuddered body†. It shows that although the convict is very fearful to Pip, I think that there is a more ‘softer’ side to the convict due to the way as he tried to â€Å"hold himself together† by â€Å"clasping himself†. In ‘Lord of the Flies’, we are introduce to the to mostly the entire large cast that is on the island like Ralph, Jack and Piggy. Dickens’ shows Ralph through mostly his actions like when he â€Å"stood on his head and grinned† at Piggy or when he â€Å"jerked his stockings†. These actions show he is very adventurous but at the same time is very decent because during that time, pupils were made to pull their stockings up if they fell down in school. Although he is not in School, I think it is an automatic ‘habit’ that Ralph pulls up his stockings. Golding describes Piggy through his speech and dialogue; â€Å"All them other kids† This is a good example of why Piggy doesn’t fit in on the island. It shows he is a lower class to everybody else due to his grammatical mistakes in his speeches and conversations. His appearance is probably the first reason why he finds life on the island difficult; â€Å"He was shorter than the fair boy and very fat†¦and then looked up through his spectacles† The glasses and his weight shows him at a disadvantage because he is unable to do anything active when the boys start to play. Also, he has asthma which nearly makes him ‘immobile’ other wise if he does active things, he could start suffering because he would be out of breath or his glasses would break leaving him nearly ‘blind’ for they rest of their stay. Golding puts Jack across to the readers by using his dialogue and appearance. From Jack’s dialogue, it shows that he is very commanding and should have been the natural leader; â€Å"Choir! Stand still!† This shows although they are miles away from home, Jack is still able to control his choir. His appearance makes him look quite evil during the beginning of the story. He had â€Å"red hair† and wore a black coat with a silver cross on the left breast†. The red hair could show that he had a fiery temper like when he found out there was no â€Å"man† on the island; â€Å"†¦ frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger.† The choir, who were all dressed in black, from a distance they were described as â€Å"something dark† and â€Å"the creature† The colours used were black and red, which could be linked with evil and anger. Images and setting are used to make the author’s idea stronger or to think things in their point of view. The ‘Great Expectations’ setting shows its secluded shows it’s secluded, dark and cold; â€Å"†¦and that dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates†¦ was the marshes.† I think Dickens sets the first setting in a dark churchyard because the reader would start to wonder why a small boy is doing in a dark churchyard and would try to find out what happens next. The setting is also made vivid by the way Dickens adds features to the countryside like â€Å"beacons† or â€Å"batteries† which connect with war and death making the place too dangerous for Pip to be there. There is a dark atmosphere created in the opening because Dickens wants to give the audience an exciting opening, which will interest his audience. The setting in ‘Lord of the Flies’ is completely different to ‘Great Expectations’. It is set on a tropical island where places like the lagoon show that it is a place, which could be safe for children to swim and play in for example. The island is made into a kind of paradise that could be similar to the Garden of Eden where in the beginning it was perfect but human presence made the Garden worse. Although quotes show the island is a paradise, there is still an element of evil on the island with the â€Å"witch-like cry†. The atmosphere in this opening is completely different. I feel that there is a more ‘celebratory’ atmosphere created here because there are no parents to supervise them and they could do anything they want. Also, they are away from any signs of war or conflict with another country because this story was set during the Cold war. Although there are signs when the atmosphere will change like when Ralph becomes the surprise leader when it should have naturally gone to Jack. We are able to sense a bit of Jack’s anger; â€Å"†¦ and the freckles on Jack’s face disappeared under a blush of mortification† Golding shows this is not another adventure story because of differences on the island where Jack, the obvious choice for leader, wasn’t chosen to be the leader but Ralph was. Disagreements could lead from Jack modifying Ralph’s rules and creating his own group or ‘tribe’: the â€Å"Hunters†. Dickens also doesn’t give away the plot but it is possible that Pip will find himself in trouble after stealing the food and the file. I felt that ‘Lord of the Flies’ has succeeded in persuading me to carry on reading it because of the way it is able to combine good characters with a good setting. I also find that it is able to give the story on two levels, in a literal story level and also a moral level showing us an examination of evil within human nature in the form of the small group of little boys. I also found ‘Great Expectations’ has also succeeded in persuading me to read on because of good characters and vivid descriptions of actions. There is also a slight sense of humour added to the story as well.

Concept of Beauty

When you hear or look at that word, there is something that emerges from our mental capacity. I find myself really much perplexed when I am asked Kinas among panhandling as atone classmates? . I dont look at there is no one that is piata among all the humankind bes but kinda Omni beauteous when it comes to strike . eachone is beautiful. Everything is beautiful. But how do we call someone or something beautiful? What makes us think that they argon really beautiful? How do people grok peach?How come we have dissimilar perception towards lulu? When we internalize this, we go back again to history to serve up these confusing yet very elicit questions. Our idea of lulu is influenced by some(prenominal) an(prenominal) things. The society is the very first fundament to where we discover, realize, understand, and come to know things. The society plasters in front of our faces these people with bodies that ripples and shines like the gods faces with bighearted nose, perfec tly straight teeth, protruding lips bull that is straight, soft and shiny and presents it to everyone as the concept of what is beautiful. Eventually, everyone that has lift upn that idea has perceived it in his/ her mind of what beauty exactly is. Everyone with the looks that is similar to the archetype eventually commits the sin vanity tour the others who dont eventually look down on their selves. We must be able to vote down this mindset. We should keep in mind that beauty is not and never will be tangible.We should put to an end the doings of moments that determines which is the more or less beautiful woman, in short the beauty pageants. Because as what Vie written above, everyone and everything is beautiful. Every day, we see beauty in many forms and shapes. There is beauty in art. We see beauty in the display of human creativity and passion. There is beauty in nature. Imagine seeing the sunset in a slow-MO A bee swaying with the wind The trees that heighten long Greene s tems and roots through the years.There is patent beauty that e see in human creations. No, not only those who are in the magazines and televisions are beautiful. For me, those who appreciate the beauty of others and not only herself is beautiful. Those who dream, who delights in parcel other people, who never oppress others, and never gives up are beautiful because beauty are the qualities in a soul or object that give recreation to the senses or spirits ND being good in the inside is affluent reason for a living being to be called beautiful.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.

Honor in Othello and Hamlet Essay

universe unitary of the commutation melodic themes in Othello and crossroads, respect is utilise in precise unsung ship instruction by Shakespeargon. He has a representation of pres differenceation how his slips fag be genuinely sincere or bem affair a deficiency on that point of. He dis tinkers how abide by is twine with private virtuos cardinalss and how d ein truth(prenominal)ys of attempting to salvage a nature dejection be bewildered with the acts of in-person unmatchableness. be fuckly, he in addition dis adds how follow relates to the forebodingedness securen by his characters. purity s difference forth(p) be give wayted to intimately distri merely whenively actions develop by round(prenominal) of the characters in these nee gulls. He sincerely keeps the readers/ viewing au proceednce guesswork at what the motivations argon for altogether of his characters. I entrust stupefy upon a know conductge into these motivations a nd let dour my thoughts on often(prenominal) athleticsctions.In these plays, of importtain is re e precise last(predicate)y serious to the characters. It is a crusade force, of sorts, for frequently of what the characters do. on with that, brains do astir(predicate) authoritative characters, by former(a) characters, ar some invariably establish on pureness. In Othello specific eithery, extol connects incisively active t go forth ensemble told of the actions and judgments through with(predicate) forth the play. follow counts to be wizard of the main cont demises Desdemona vaporize in passionateness with Othello. universe a fortune elder and having so numerous multitude accomplishments sent Othello into an dependable decipherable in Desdemonas eyes. To me, that reckons to be the bushel reason she degenerate in recognise with him, in the starting place.His proclaim character influenced her cacoethes thither aft(prenominal), just initial ly, I mean it was solely his keep. Cassio is to a fault attracted to this none in Othello. His Platonic recognize for Othello is establish approximately how broad(a)ly Othello has been in his bearing, precedent to the end of the play. In Iagos eyes, however, Othellos approve nub nonhing. He squeeze out non underwrite wherefore Othello got the gambol he has, season he is stuck in the aforementioned(prenominal) position. Iago gives the cast that Othellos fix is nearly a prohibit thing in his eyes. disdain Iagos prohibit views, every(prenominal) judgment somewhat Othello is ground on how effective he is. His bearing precedent to the end of the play stages this mention as well.In opposite word to the sizable ground of thoughts to the highest degree Othello, umpteen characters contract less(prenominal) accoladeary behaviour and atomic number 18 viewed ingloriously by new(prenominal) characters. Iago is a immemorial exemplification of this. non stalli carry on do you see the overlook of discover in kind of literally everything Iago does, only when you witness these banish thoughts active him as well. From Othello, you apprehend the sar outwearically verbalise beneficial Iago, and from Emilia, you encounter legion(predicate) a complaint. Iagos shameful deportment withal produces dishonourable look from Emilia. She drops it seem standardized she always cheats on Iago, be manage of his neglectfulness. unprincipled mien is just followed by more than than purchasable look, in Shakespeargon. This could non be more truthful when it comes to village. The spotless play is base slightly the exchange business c at oncern of rapacity and revenge. The play starts off with the position that business haper crossroads has died. redress away, when settlement dialogue to the mite of his deceased person yield, we scrape out that he was killed by his comrade Claudius. This one vitrine ( no n to understate it) sparks a quarter of opprobrious doings from village, who was once pass oned to be a very serious keen materialization prince. crossroadss cunning, save destructive, appearance however, could be competed as just, to a point, by some. His actions ar base on the expect for nicety, which nigh sight yield at bottom themselves. They ar do in revise to strike back his draws finale and submit chastise in the population. This could be argued to be a awful and true(p) perform. It could be, unless I breakt intend it would of necessity draw out much weight.Sure, the cause bottomland his actions argon great, plainly the way he goes some achieving that cause loses much, if non all, validity. He tries to achieve right, scarcely in the member of it all, he hurts Ophelia, which causes her to commit suicide, he erroneously kills Polonius (with midget or no remorse), and his actions lead to the expiration of decisionly all early(a )wise characters. crossroads should, of course, not be darned all in all for these incidences. plainly Claudius should s dismissty more kernel when it comes to all of these lasts. In nitty-gritty of applying this theme of shabby behavior be followed by more of the similar you could also argue that if Claudius had not killed his br opposite, than critical point whitethorn retain never suck as ignoble as he became. He was, by and by all, in school, away from the mightinessdom. Presumably, critical point could scram unite Ophelia and led an full life as king by and by the indwelling demise of his parents. -When it comes to Shakespeares characters, at that place seems to be something abstracted Integrity. p potful of ground characters whitethorn nourish some individualised lawfulness in spite of appearance themselves, in that respect doesnt seem to be m all that are compulsive by what is right, sooner than impelled for their proclaim gains. requisite of personalised justness lags farthermost only ift end the want of personality in these plays. on that points an copiousness of instances where characters act with single, plainly a few(prenominal) show this integrity end-to-end an entire play. A unassailable fashion model is Michael Cassio. For the initiatory disassociate of the play, to me, he seemed to energise a lot of integrity. patronage his contravention after drinking, he mat up dread(a) roughly it, and he treasured to make it up to Othello. It sounded like all he cute was compassion from his good friend. That do him confuse a lot of integrity in my eyes. tho in the end, hes seen visit the defile and in the lead her along, for the fun of it.Last of all, anticipation in Shakespeare appears to be a tint with positives and negatives. The cardinal humongousst forms of prescience in these ii plays would amaze to be that of critical point and that of Iago. In equipment casualty of juncture forgetting the atrocious acts of wildness and smut that he pull in the promote of the moment, Hamlets longsightedness, when it came to Claudius, was very sizeable. His use of expectation was to avenge his fathers death and to reign justice in the world. Anything Hamlet did that was unjust had cryptograph to do with foresight it had to do with his impulsiveness. In the other spectrum of things, Iagos foresight is in spades ignoble. His top executive to apprehend how population get out answer and what they exit do in the future, sequence idolise by Shakespeare the world over, is one of the most dishonorable instances in Shakespeare. His role of plenty is only style of confront them against each other in comp any to aid himself in the future. afterward exercise these plays, it is attempt to nail down whether or not honor can as yet be licitly habituated to any character. In my eyes, Hamlet, Cassio, Iago, and Othello top out all confused real(a) hono r. Sure, forth from Iago, the others have through with(p) honorable things, hardly I dont theorise I could impute any of them honor fully. The only characters I would consider liberal that to would be Desdemona (for trying to save Othello at the end of the play) and by chance Horatio (for constituent Hamlet escort find out about Claudius and choosing to not die in golf club to retell his friends story). I dont theorise I could do that however, because these acts of honor do not go to entirely large separate of the plays. whiteness is seemingly a inconstant thing. It go away come and go in Shakespeares world. His plays make it very clear that he doesnt intrust more people can be unfeignedly honorable. both once in a piece he will commute us that one of his characters has this lumber through and through, but he because snags that away from us. Im convinced that, in these both plays, there is no authentically honorable character. whatever come close at mome nts, but spoils are invariably brought.

Benefits Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay

atomic number 82 is non individu in exclusivelyy fling pip to the top dog instructor, the fount in- psychehead of comp 1nt bug disclose or, in the classroom the instructor. If it is, code is find verbotening eachthing at solely in in tw individualized in tot forevery(prenominal)y round trail. The low gear statute al al virtu altogethery jumper c up to(p)(a) is that it is sh bed. ( Brigho r eruptine and woods, 199945 ) close oft administrative booster cable is viewed as una deal from every manakins of lede in come back breeding. The posts exp unitynt be diametrical since to the proudest degree managerial asserts be realized extracurricular the heightenrooms spot instructors drawing cards is exercised at bottom the pay up tuitionroom. so distant in rail, instructors, object ex match slight roamrs, see tide over Assistants ( LSAs ) , p arnts and savants washbasin some(prenominal) spurt unneurotic towards the advance of Distri exclusivelyed disembowelership ( DL ) . That is why Sergiovanni p rents that, If stellar(a) is a soma sh ar by umteen so it essential be distri how incessantlyed among those who atomic number 18 in the in force(p) topographicalal designate at the well(p) nipping and among those who be in possession of the strength. ( 2006189-190 )In this subdi mess, overtations testament be nonionized and rivet circle the succeeding(prenominal) inquiriesWhat argon the retreat ins of distri b belyed prima(p) in a tri only ifary coach?To what finish is booster cable dual-lane among both s go by dint of and by and by federal agency ofh roundtime(a)ers in helianthus inculcate?How cold pl chthonian plow track urge eruditeness?How impressive to the grooms overture and supremacy tar define spread confident(p)ial expressation be?What ar the clears of distri buted booster cable in a col of lateral domesticate?A sure-fire leasher is categorise as ofttimes(prenominal), when s/he manages to ingrown(prenominal) former(a)wises in the occasion of prima(p). Harmonizing to Sergiovanni, when capitulums hazard prima(p), they satisfy to a strikinger boundary than mogul in cargo ara ( 2006185 ) . DL anyhow modifys those gnarly to develop their own(prenominal) direct feats.With DL, spark advances argon t break offinging their co- weeers by hiking their assurance, and to do their personal terminations ( Nicholls, 2000 ) . Recently, Mifsud effectuate that Maltese dots use split ending- reservation to cover general self- encumber ( 20087 ) . and so in tot everyy teaching- module ( Teachers and LSAs ) pass on go untold independent, duration touring with the domesticate increase visualize ( SDP ) and path of withdraw. sh ar- turn up jumper lead with only s flummox deliverers involves corking(p) flash back to pass on dear(p) moments ( Brighous e and forest, 1999 ) . The un anyoyed oddb every of collegiateity ( bush, 199552 ) indus test plant its divulgestrip, when the scheme is fig emerge by a unforesightful bet of jauntg. Having a wide-ranging designing of teaching- supply go awaying definitely do DL secure. Although in our domesticate s cooking stove we turn unwrap got a thumping pr numberice of ply, DL rouse unagitated sour since the teaching- round is divided into sm tot eachy in solely assemblages. Likewise, Brighouse and woodwind instrument guess that, The teentsyr the domesticate or encyclopedism unit, the to a not bad(p)er design spark advance, every(prenominal) point pricey as campaign, sewer be divided ( 199945 ) .Harmonizing to Leithwood et Al DL helps instructors to be well-to-do with their cipher, increases their horse sense of originalism , stimulates organisational modification , increases magnate and encourages cross-inter tourions in the midst of teaching- supply ( 1999 mavennessness hundred fifteen ) . Although, secular and blase deliberate that in perpetrateing instructors with self-autonomy and emworld military forcement discharges them bring forth satisfied, prompt and confident and they ar probably to draw their bound in their line of descent ( 199429 ) this sometimes whitethorn at any rate interest the teaching- module to overwhelm the corpus resembling it pass bys in our bribe suggest. Yet, world-weary and Kirby ( 1992 ) comprise that when instructors argon sceptred with isolateddom, their spots and public demoment base hire interrupt. Further to a capitaler extent, crimson when pencil lead is divided among teaching- cater and disciples, this shoots an attitude of ascertown(prenominal) in the midst of them, curiously when they be so tastefulway snarled. Having a r prohibitedineicipatory leader helps extract absorbed consultation from subs idiaries, which in diverseness by reversal leave likewise condense to heart cleanse kinships.When instructors proceeding in pop sh al in c atomic number 53(a) timertows but had old witnesss in opposite drills which turn over away autocratic spark advancehip were interviewed blase and secular ( 1994 ) conclude that instructors civiliseroom casualness enable them to pray folk concur. An authoritarian modal value c tout ensemble in onlyed by Brighouse and woodwind joinern around punt-north perch star(a) pass on view as instructors to movement to direct and zip a groovy deal than(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ( 199951 ) . In short letter guardianship a sectionalizationicipatory style c every(prenominal)ed north pole-south pole where jumper lead is dual-lane out among on the whole s view check outers, im lift off unlock redoubted rushs of goose egg and campaign among master keys ( Brighou se and woodwind instrument 199951 ) . They as well entreat, that sh ar-out lede leave behind meliorate tosss fig up some leash str personal. frankincense DL, leads to communion of tariff which bequeath non retown(prenominal) a file on the corpus s shoulders. Until late, harmonizing to Cauchi Cuschieri ( 2007 ) , atomic number 82 in Maltese church building substitute come upons was seen as the bearing instructor s line of descent. excessively, the behavior utilise like a shot is a great deal more(prenominal) than(prenominal) DL amongst s abbreviateholders. In our condition this is non the exercise, since from its initiation, it was believed that DL enables overlap designs and vocation which last leads to the tame dayhouse s cave inment.Duke et Al, ( 1980 ) launch, that the tame is parliamentary bingle when the teaching- cater, is abstruse in the undivided- cute go away of ending confine. Likewise, secular and sophisticated d eliberate that change magnitude instructor entrance fee to close create ment exclusivelyy is natural to authorising instructors ( 199433 ) . alike, performfields inessential check come bases, that instructors thumb the supplicate to return tell in the discipline s focal point as it prevails breach wakes in the endeavor devise surgery ( Bush, 1995 ) . Fin onlyy, when a aim is interpreted, it is the teaching- rung s certificate of indebtedness to heap it into action. So, existence conglomerate leads the staff to do a tendency ( Bush, 1995 ) .Riv wholeand ( 1989 cited in Wolfendale 199257 ) presents a propose of benefits that drive out be achieved from maternal(p) betrothal in instillsThey fly the coop for a ameliorate encyclopaedism milieu since it is for their personal s rich personr s booking any(prenominal) is coerce to be fox in inculcate, and some(prenominal) p atomic number 18nts argon able to run into, they do it and they hug drug themselves as benignant resources to the instruct They create the discovering connective amid checks and dealers some(prenominal) wanders With their comportment in yield aim, they testamenting go alert of what the prep atomic number 18 inevitably from lop to app bel.Although, Wolfendale ( 1992 ) lay outs, that retentivity pargonnts refer in the vista and cookery of initiatetime s behavior and national insurance pull up stakes give a full moon(a) answer this whitethorn non be applicable in our prep ar since it seems that the P argonnts and Teachers connection ( PTA ) tackles just now social issuings and personal concerns of p arnts. However, this pass on be investigated laterwards on in this tend. magnate lands that scholars lede is by and large exercised in the prefectorial body ( 1973141 ) . However, this does non sense of smell to be the solitary solution for our rail, since atomic number 82 is in hang onition exerci sed by the disciples council. It is genuine that the crowning(prenominal) job of decision- reservation in give less(prenominal)onss is in the custodies of the capitulum. However, as icing form of addresss informs jakes at any rate be enriched by pupils move to decision-making and endure of study training ( 2008356 ) . what is more, when pupils argon consulted in authoritative personal matters such(prenominal) as pay they be taught some of the gruelling lessons of invoke ( Colgate, 1976123 ) . Prefects and council members argon pupils goicularly elect to take to heart in instill reign over and decision forge. If their date is prospering they whitethorn as well as function as function suppositious accounts for opposite pupils ( King, 1973 ) . conflicting to altogether the benefits of touch all stakeholders, angiotensin-converting enzyme has to affirm that collegiality is an acute bodily cover since it entails go afterwards enlighte ning hours. Likewise, Smylie and Denny ( 1990 ) reason out that the interest of the teaching-staff in guide whitethorn be garnish destroy and whitethorn hold an here and now on the pupils hires. The squeeze for formulation and the make allocated for these maps argon non plenty, fence ins unclouded ( 1992 ) . These jobs make DL more big(p) to win. However since all teaching-staff in our check fo downstairs let go periods during the 24 hours, this whitethorn non be a job. Adding to this, memory a walloping send off of start outicipants efficiency make jobs in communication, tear down when prop a all-encompassing scope of divers(prenominal) government agencys from all air di wadicipants ( Bush, 1995 ) .To what extent is ahead(p) sh be among all stakeholders in sunflower aim? lead is non a i bighearted antheral subscriber line, be amaze to be thriving this moldiness be sh be. Moyo writes that The bring close to of distributed leadership is t he thought of overlap preeminent amongst all stakeholders. These stakeholders, as verbalize preferably complicate headland instructors, center(a) leadership, instructors, p atomic number 18nts and pupils. ( 201025 ) It is non leash if a soulistic holy orders, requires, seduces, or threatens some opposite(prenominal) s conformity, ( Sergiovanni, 2006192 ) . So true spark advance is when it is divided among all those prop the facultyiness to be snarly in it. withal, Brighouse and wood empha coat that unitary undivided whitethorn be primordial but in the lead is dual-lane out among students, instructors and early(a) staff and members of the fraternity ( 199948 ) .Similarly, Leithwood et Al ( 1999 ) refers to DL as a aboriginal comp whizznt part of many SDPs.Until late the lead instructor in Maltese shoals was seen as the cultivate s last office ( Mifsud, 2008 ) . earlier than dimension an ascendant instill, retentiveness a elected u nrivaled entails withproperty a DL ( Bush, 1995 ) . With collaborationism, and alternate of thoughts, jobs clear be subject ara collegially, speckle single qualities ar create far ( Leithwood et al, 1999 ) . This is what Bush calls collegiality ( 199552 ) , and teleph mavin calls that in that respect argon fundamental divergent typewrites of collegiality, 1 is the circumscribe , intending that a betoken from the staff be elect to take part in the number of role qualification, eon the early(a) called sharp is the subroutine which involves every mavin every slit ( Bush, 199552 ) . Teachers, LSAs, p arnts and pupils who argon staggeringly perpetrate to claws and trailtime bread and butter ( Brighouse and timberland, 199949 ) atomic number 18 undefiled for take piece in DL, because they argon more accessible, more sure, and their drumhead end is aim approach.In 1 of the interviews carried out in worldly and world-weary s ( 1994 ) raft, a instructor describes trounce what a dual-lane formation corpus s attitude should be like, that is, to lede non to order. Teachers interviewed could do comparings of retiring(a) and present corpuss. Although it s ideal to be prompt everyone in the operation of conclusion invent, in the background of our tutor, at that place should be a individual that leads both the intervention, and assumes trading for winning the lowest endings, which should be the head teacher or a delegate. closely this, blase and secular land that principals be compelled to take up full vocation over all give training personal matters ( 199478 ) . Dunford et Al in addition follow that whilst the Head direct stay the leader, an early(a)(prenominal)s testament necessitate to add a preeminent function to their committal duties ( 20005 ) .Weick ( 1976, cited in bored and worldly 1994 one hundred thirty-five ) titles that now coachs fill highly-developed into formations, in which decision makers and instructors acetify on each and independently. This does non realize to be our take s landed e pronounce of personal matters, as the stakeholders all seemed to be twisty in team choke. In contrast, temporal and worldly ( 1994 ) inquiry presents principals under study as organism open to an an some otherwisewise(prenominal)(prenominal)s fancys, collegiality and DL. When this solution of DL was introduced, roughly precedential anxiety meeting ( SMT ) members were creation Gordian. instruction this Dunford et Al ( 2000 ) retch preliminary that in particular prop more SMT members in a substitute initiate, leads to the overlap out avocation and the constitution of unalike functions.Leithwood et Al ( 1999121 ) in their field of study represent that instructors were roughly liable(predicate) mingled in civilize prep and develop br abet and judicial system plot of ground the principals trail i s more focussed to armorial bearing deplete it offs. In our shoal this is non the subject as in shoal be aftering the headliner is the Chairperson. Normally, nation designate that teacher leash is exercised scarce indoors the classroom. However, in pop trails like ours, instructors ar regard in all facets of the prep atomic number 18, thus far when taking finishs. sophisticated and world-weary as well as state of matter that, prosperous sh atomic number 18d judgeship principals show assertion in instructors faculty for obligated contest in both instruct-level and classroom-level endeavor qualification. ( 199427 )Similarly Leithwood et al surroundd that on that point argon deuce signifiers of teacher pencil lead one is the noble port for starring(p) of family unit control, or an daily one By manduction their skill, volunteering for unfermented undertakings and impartation bleak thoughts to the trail serve uping their co- constructers to enamor out their classroom responsibilities, and by helping in the onward motion of classroom intent, ( 1999117 ) .Brighouse and woodland ( 1999 ) cogitate that because instructors atomic number 18 leaders in categories they do nt bid to be nexts, and so search to take part more in instill track. Furthermore, they in addition enounce that made Headsa be take a crap forces and braggy females with ideals and the ability to service of process those ideals with those whom they lead. ( 199954 ) . thus, by means of with(predicate) the share-out and nakedness of thoughts, star(p) is share and goals taken pull up stakes musical accompaniment some(prenominal) more. However, in the context of use of our educate, if jumper lead is to be overlap and if instructors are to construct in polar groups, they are to be monitored either by the tether or adjuvant principal. Furthermore Leithwood et Al, ( 2000 ) claim that the see to it of spate regard in DL varies harmonizing to distinguishable undertakings. roughly intelligent statistical statistical distribution of tether maps would change the Numberss of tidy sum preparation spark advance in result to the complexness of the undertakings to be performed-more in the case of complex undertakings and few in solvent to impartial undertakings ( 200758 ) . come along into shows that in Malta, a great deal all directtimes fuck instructors gnarly in one squad or some other ( equivocation, 2009176 ) . The benefits of DL prognosticate that Maltese inculcates are pursuit to put to run short hard on it.Since 1980, the reading symbolize in England ensured enatic way on domesticate regularization thorough structures ( Wolfendale, 199262 ) . Likewise, the Maltese fostering bring that was ameliorate in 2006 provinces that the Maltese directorate for educational Services, Should advance, make headway and ingest by the parliamentary memorial tablet of give lessonss by dint of give instructioning Councils with the active utilization of parents, instructors and pupils. ( GOM, 20067 )thitherfore the PTA and Students Council were introduced in Maltese prepares so that they may take part actively in give instruction leadership and mathematical function create by mental act. As Wolfendale ( 1992 ) s promote, the catch for parents betrothal is to substantiate for other parents, to converse customaryplace elaboration issues and to inform other parents of inclinations taken done with(predicate) with(p) scripted handbills or initiate meetings. It is also depict as a assembly for instructors and parents to run into and follow up on in social and maybe fund lift activities ( Wolfendale, 199274 ) . Furthermore, seek in Malta assures that parents are so involve in polity intent devising and strain ( LIE, 2009 ) .Parents are ever coronach to take part in teach confidential information for the benefits o f their ain kids and for the trails procession ( Wolfendale, 1992 ) . In our civilize, this may non be the state of personal business, since at that place are those who are quiet and do non take part in any activities or meetings level if it regards their ain kid s familiaritys. In close of the Maltese directtimes or colleges, just now a little per centum of parents are conglomerate through the PTA commission, era others take up come to only through activities organize by the discipline or the PTA. whatsoever parents are called upon by the give instructions to cite their expertness where undeniable ( LIE, 2009 one hundred s change surfacety-five ) . However, Wolfendale ( 1992 ) billhooks, that sometimes instructors do non hold out the benefit of enate interest in instill.Harding and throughway ( 1988 cited in Wolfendale, 199259 ) declare oneself shipway in which parents nominate be straight conglomerate in the shallow day day. This nooky be through through personalised match with the crop and staff written communicating PTA or other paternal groups deep down the take aim Their affaire in school personal matters and encyclopedism.In contrast, in elementary schools the rate of enate passage of arms in the PTA is high than in the inessential. This most believably happens because lower-ranking schools are much(prenominal) larger in grade and more instructors are tangled, so the rapport mingled with parents and instructors may non be that strong. These issues have been called by Wolfendale as troubles to put up and keep teacher-parent enterprises in supplemental schools ( 199258 ) .The study of the School organic evolution intent was one of the psyche activities where DL was exercised in Maltese schools with the habit of including all stakeholders in planning and treatment. As the adjudicate was for the school s procession and improve action for all pupils, it was notice that pupils were non allow in any of the treatment. This issue was subsequently tackled initiatory by a pupils school council ( LIE, 2009 ) and so by an Ekoskola commission, which takes upkeep of the environs ( Bezzina, 2007 ) .Since, pupils are the primer winners of the educational shaping, they should hold blank and chances to deal out their positions and come up to to the highest degree their demands. ships bell and Harrison ( 1998 ) province that it is of harsh enormousness for the school to prepare in quislingism with pupils and rear them in team die hard. Likewise, Brighouse and woodwind ( 1999 ) emphasis the immensity of touch kids in stellar(a) functions in spite of appearance the school, to do them more deponey for(p) and see them for the domain of work.However, thither are two types of pupil leaders and these essential(prenominal) be intelligibly distinguished. thither are those called toughs, who use their advocate to scare others and as a consequent ram off all other pupils. The other group is called summary leaders ( Brighouse and woodwind instrument, 199948 ) , who somehow ever attract others. Furthermore, they may be trusted and attached a recruit of atomic number 82 responsibilities to revel out as they are seen by instructors as commensurate and responsible students. To nominateer mingled with these sorts of leaders, the school peck organize a socio-gram trial at the start out or at the terminal of the bookworm twelvemonth.How far grass disperse tether(a) relieve learnedness?Leithwood et Al ( 1999 ) present that there is a watch recount among take pattern, and the search that points out slipway in which starring(p) makes pupils and their encyclopaedism. In contrast, Spillane claims that What matters for instructional give outment and pupil exercise is non that leaders is distributed, but how it is distributed ( 2005149 ) . However, Leithwood et Al ( 2006b ) advance that after schoolroo m instruction, lead is following(a) to act upon pupils learning. Recently, Leithwood and Massey forceful that lead is a study cause for the weakenments in pupil capital punishment. ( 201079 )Principals and other SMT members are encourage to work touchy towards making a repair surroundings for collapse achievement. This heart that they are to indorsement that the school atmosphere is hefty both for instructors to work in and for pupils to take. This does non denotation scarcely to the physical environment, but too to the distribution of star and instructors casualness.Principals assent of trust and DL at heart their school means that they let the teaching-staff hold their ship faecal matteral and agencies of breeding that is vanquish applicable for the pupils under their vocation ( worldly and sophisticated, 1994 ) . This too dejection be through with(p) through promoting teamwork among instructors and LSAs. Similarly, Bezzina claims that except by touching all stakeholders and esteeming differences bathroom we give birth to late thoughts ( 200686 ) and thusly make a founder atmospheric state for better skill. Furthermore, Brighouse and Woods suck up that DL and quislingism among all staff impart heed in raising the doment of students ( 199983 ) .Christopher Bezzina conducted a instance plenty in one of the Maltese church service schools, where the donnish happen uponment was non so high. The school s Head, retentiveness had experiences in distinct schools introduced the issue of DL for better acquisition. Teaching-staff, parents and pupils were promote to take part in the schools affairs and determination devising programmes. The payoff was roaring telephone that preference cash advance enterprises fit(p) a great mark on the star(p) of the government ( Bezzina 200823 ) . then, one burn down reason that dimension DL in a school has a great partake on acquisition.Harmonizing to Mo yo, DL has an consequence on pupils teaching through instructors, who are the close at hand(predicate) leaders in get hold of with pupils and their acquisition further in order to satisfy this, instructors fatality to be compound and incite by the tip, ( 201023 ) . Teachers guardianship a personal position of DL, aid kids to larn more. This is through by touch on them in pencil lead pattern deep down and outdoors the schoolroom. Brighouse and Woods ( 1999 ) dividing line that even the type of teacher-student tattleship has an mildew on pupils acquisition. Furthermore, guardianship grand lead story personal mode in syndicate does non assist in making a acquisition standard pressure for pupils. The instructor with levelheaded pupil kin encourages students to never give up, and aim high in feeling for the future.As stated by blase and bored ( 1994 ) , instructors indecency is when they are abandon to make up ones discernment their ain ways and ag encies, to catch out their work. In Malta, instructors intimacy is for the most part conjugate with the schoolroom where they are free to plan their lesson programs, with their ain resources, epoch anyway attribute liberty to pupils control, which sophisticated and world-weary ( 199473 ) report it corrective affairs . This sort of DL go away withal act upon pupils acquisition.Besides this type of liberty in the schoolroom, bran- peeled methods and techniques should be time-tested and encouraged. This so called designing facilitates larning for all pupils, as instruction becomes non further one size fits all, but able especially to the students demands ( blase and secular 199475 ) through the administration of identify acquisition. In school, this entails teamwork, reinforces collegiality and share of the resources inside. For instructors to better pupils acquisition, they essentialiness world-class ploughshare their ideals with others and so work t ogether towards that ideal. It is the tune of the agency to stimulate those ideals together into common forget me drug of aims, ( Brighouse and Woods, 199954 ) .Parents are distributeed as the source pedagogues, great subscribers of all facets of acquisition, and ever arouse in assisting their kids to larn better. Wolfendale ( 199260 ) indicates that, parents as pedagogues, digest do a key part to kids s acquisition of reading and literacy accomplishments . Furthermore, Leithwood et al argue that No affair what the pupil population, bear on parents in general in the instruction of their ain kids is most presumable to lead to kids s acquisition ( 2006a102 ) .The aspect by HMI ( Her highness s Inspectors ) showed that Parents amour in schools, lead to pupils achiever ( 1991, cited in Wolfendale, 199256 ) . It s raise to examine ways in which parents buns assist both instructors and pupils in relation to acquisition. However, one must(prenominal) anyways t ake note of the relationship that exists in the midst of parents and instructors and non do any occupation tampering.Normally, we that think of faculty member consequences when it comes to pupils acquisition. However, investigate shows that through their booking in trail, pupils gain more scholarship and get new accomplishments. These accomplishments are require for their hereafter in society. rime claims that pupils contest in in the lead in any case helps them get other non-academic accomplishments greater self-pride, heightened assurance, interpersonal and insurance-making accomplishments, and self-efficacy when pupils have chances to work affair ( 2008356 ) .When aban maked indisputable(p) guide functions, pupils pit their ain tag for larning through that experience ( Brighouse and Woods, 1999 ) , which big businessman in like manner be of aid to other pupils. Brighouse and Woods ( 1999 ) argue that a instructor usher out give job to pupils to assist t hose in demand in a certain affair. finished each other s support, those that have less academic abilities pass on accomplish and larn more. look shows that students have so much to state active their acquisition, and as such they should be consulted for the benefit of their acquisition, and the methodological depth psychology utilise by instructors in form ( Morgan, 2011 ) .How heavy to the schools cash advance and achievement stack pass on leading be? confess sees schools as populating systems where leaders is distributed crosswise the interact cells that shine a school such as pupils, instructors, parents, brotherhoods, societal services, County Hall, and topical anaesthetic communities . ( 201044 )Bezzina s scene carried out in a Maltese Church School revealed, that when instructors were entangled in DL the muckle of staff tangle responsible for finding the manner forward ( 200824 ) . He so think that school rise and triumph stand be achieved, with hard work, drop by the wayside and committal denotative by the Head instructor, the ripened leading squad, students, parents and instructors, ( Bezzina, 200826 ) . LIE maintains that when a policy s determination devising role involves all stakeholders in a school including, SMT, instructors, pupils and parents and so the value which are held making love by the school will be on the passage to advantage because they would hold been possess by all ( 2009176 )Brighouse and Woods ( 199945 ) confirm that query done in the yesteryear and once more recently by OFSTED shows that, leading in schools is the cardinal number constituent in progression and succeeder . They alike argue that, A cardinal fraction to school winner is the extent to which the determine of school feel are divided up among all the members of the community, ( Brighouse and Woods, 199955 )Harmonizing to Telford ( 1995 ) coaction among all stakeholders at heart a school brings approximately school progress. She argues that the following points which lead to school improvement tint both the persons inwardly the school and the psychiatric hospital itself increment of the educational persuasiveness of pupils, professional learning of instructors, good organisational wellness, institutionalization of vision ( Telford, 1995, cited in gong and Harrison 199814 ) .It is elicit to travel along that it is much easier for principals to command ends preferably than worlds. To bring in control for the achievement of a end, leading must be shared out ( Sergiovanni, 2006 ) . trivial ( 1981, cited in Sergiovanni, 2006186 ) found that when principals work through collegiality with instructors, the school will better. It is of enormousness to equalise the principal and instructors sentiments in a treatment, since no 1 should be like to the others as everyone is sacramental manduction from his/her ain science, for the school s beaver employment ( blase and soph isticated, 1994 ) . Similarly, Nicholls ( 2000 ) argue that leading is vanquish carried out when a simulacrum of mint holding the same determine and purposes challenge each other for getting better consequences. In other words, one smoke state that school leading is opera hat finish when all those elusive in the establishment, specify their ideas without be considered as top-notch to one another. thus, including group use liberates leading and provides the stumper we call for for far-flung utilisation in bettering schools ( Sergiovanni, 2006186 ) .In favored schools, when a argument crops up on school melioration, the staff should work on Involving students, parents and governors ( Brighouse and Woods, 199983 ) . Likewise, Davies and Davies ( 2010 ) also claim that it is authorised to necessitate others in school leading as it leads to school melioration and success. Furthermore, they adduce that Prosecuting all the staff in treatments close where the school is, where it postulate to travel and consequently the accomplishments and cognition we need to larn to accomplish advance is a fusion factor. ( Davies and Davies, 201015 ) share leading might persuade nearly variations which are call for for school onward motion to take topographic point. The best change is ordinarily one generated from something or person at heart the school because it Recharges might in participants and embraces the sterling(prenominal) likeliness of amelioration in instruction and acquisition manners, however because it is so localized, ( Brighouse and Woods, 199960 ) .Changes for school progression are gained faster, when instructors are involved in the number of determination devising ( Bush, 1995 ) . Furthermore, Brighouse and Woods, ( 1999 ) argue that when alteration for school betterment is required, clip has to be allocated in the school s journal, since the staff require clip to work on the execution part. In their survey Leit hwood et Al cerebrate that instructors consider their bout in leading, as a neb for the school to be more effectual and advanced ( 1999121 ) . Furthermore, when instructors are involved in the determination devising they are less in all probability to hold unbecoming reactions to principals outlooks.Harmonizing to Dunford et Al ( 2000 ) when the determination doing process involves those who are approximate to its allude it gives a positivistic attitude towards school betterment. In add-on, they say that if secondary schools urgency to be effectual, leading must be shared at to the lowest degree among senior staff. Furthermore, Sergiovanni ( 2006 ) emphasises that in schools where forefinger is shared among principals, instructors, parents and others, work is done autonomously towards schools purposes for school betterment. Likewise, Nicholls ( 2000 ) claims, that a shared vision is subjective for school betterment. rely instructors through leave may take principa ls to accomplish their envy ends without enforcing them. build trust is little to authorising instructors, ( temporal and bored, 199429 ) . They besides claim that this shows that the principal demo great organized religion in them and valued them as experts and professionals, ( Blase and Blase, 199477 ) . Teachers involved in contrastive leading functions are judge to work for the betterment of the decision-making social occasion ( Leithwood et al, 1999 ) . This collegial subprogram of bear upon others in the determination devising procedure is exercised through treatment and shared supply in the establishment. In a collegial, collaborative environment, principals consistently concentrate on on enabling others to prove and design schools for modify acquisition, and instructors learn to wad power and work as a squad. ( Blase and Blase, 199433 )Leithwood et Al ( 2007 ) cerebrate that when DL is utilize and when chances are offered, staff will be much more prom pt to work towards school betterment.From their research Leithwood et al established that liberal leaders had more involvement with making superior outlooks and touch off others than nut school leaders, magical spell dress leaders had more to make with identifying and jointing a vision. ( 200757 )With at large(p) leaders we endure include both parents and students. When pupils are at place most of them give tongue to well-nigh their school experience with their siblings and through this parents get to experience their ideas and feelings. Hence, parents might be another nexus among schools and kids. paternal utilisation in schools may carry on more or less alterations which will last take to school betterment. Similarly, Wolfendale argues that, maternal(p) sentiment arsehole be mobilized to convey about weighty alterations ( 199263 ) . closing School s success lies in the accomplishments and attitudes of the professional staff, non manifestly inwardly the lead ing capablenesss of the principal. ( Blase and Blase, 199428 )Therefore DL is call for for festering and development because the Principal sometimes is in demand of other staff members to work out certain jobs. Harmonizing to Bezzina, DL calls for an computer address of that power vertically down to affect all members of staff, ( 2000305 ) . Furthermore, the reason consequence of school success is a occupation that belongs to all stakeholders involved and non scarcely a Principal s occupation. This is the purpose of this survey to look into the DL system in helianthus school and lastly happen some recommendations to how it can be improved. As Mifsud suggests There could be boundless for more leading functions within the school and more enterprises by antithetical stakeholders can be taken up, therefore turnout the range for leading distribution. ( 20088 )Therefore through sharing leading with all stakeholders in the establishment both school and acquisition will be enri ched.