Ethical Theories Essay Example for Free

Ethical Theories EssayMoral dilemmas are a part of daily life and the solutions presented to them are commonly dependent on the morals that govern the individual facing them. Every person at one hitch in time has been faced with a moral dilemma. This rear be described as the values which are used to determine the right way to handle a situation and the price way to go about it. Each society and community has its own moral index and in some societies, an action may be viewed fair to middling or right, while the same action in another community would be viewed as intolerable and frowned upon. The moral index of a society usu tout ensemble(a)y goes hand in hand with religious beliefs and communities which are religiously inclined to have strict rules on what is suitable behaviour and what is not. Societies which have more blasphemous values usually tolerate extreme or eccentric behavior. The difference in opinions of different people in what is normally right and ravish has light-emitting diode to the development of various ethical theories. Two of these theories are utilitarianism and duty ethics. An example of a situation which brought about different ethical stand points is the Fi counterpoiseone Company eat recall in 1999 and 2000.The company had discovered that its newly designed firestorm Radial ATX, ATX II and Wilderness AT tires were defective back in 1996, after 8 of the 18 times were singled out after they failed a test that tested the endurance of tires under high speed. Of the 14. 4 million tires sold approximately 6. 5 million tires had to be recalled due to defects in the lucubrate which involved the tread and one steel belt separating from the other steel belt and carcass The details has led to serious and even fatal accidents as the cars overturned when the accidents occurred while they were in motion.In an attempt to show difference between utilitarianism and duty ethics we shall consider an railroad engineer working for the company at the time and the stand he or she would take if they subscribed to utilitarianism or duty ethics Utilitarianism can be described as an ethical theory that proposes that the action that brings good or favorable consequences to the majority is not subject to whether it is right or wrong meaning it is not subject to questioning. (Fredrick,2003) This theory was greatly championed by utilitarians such as John Stuart Mill.This theory advocates for actions that produce happiness to the greatest or largest arrive of people. In an ideal situation this may be possible but usually any action can produce happiness to many or a few people depending on the action. The theory does not usually advocate for the use of ethically correct actions at all times and so actions which may be viewed as wrong sometimes bring happiness to a large group of people but the actions still remain chastely wrong. An engineer subscribing to the utilitarianism way to life would have supported the company stand and the action it took.The company discovered that some tires were defective and did not recall the rest of the tires that had already been sold. This lead to accidents which caused suffering and death and it was not until an investigation into the cause of the accidents that finally forced the Firestone Company to admit liability and recall the tires. The company did not recall the tires because it feared the losses that it would face incase the tires were all defective. The company chose to protect their profits margins at the expense of their clients. (Little, 2003)As an engineer with a utilitarianism view point this action would be the best because recalling would mean great losses and downsizing in terms of job which would mean unemployment for many people working at the company affecting both them and their dependants. The duty ethics proposes that the action taken in any situation should be just and honest and respectful to all persons involved. This ethical principle advances f or the upholding of principles regardless to the wrong consequences whether they will be good or bad. (Graham,2004)An engineer working for the Firestone Company would have chosen to recall all the defective tires and conducted a through investigation to the causes of the defaults without external pressure or the threat of law suits as inducement. The engineer moral compass would have channelize them to make such a stand regardless to the fallout which is this case would have resulted in major losses to the company. As per the requirements of the engineering profession, this automatonlike engineer was ascribed to some basic fundamental ethics and the relevant professional codes of conduct while in the jurisdiction of their duty.These are guidelines aimed at providing safety standards for the engineers while at work and the common good of the society. However, the same was objectively inadequate in the Firestones case. As a basic requirement, they should exercise their professional skills and also experience in providing contentment in the general human life. Impartiality and honesty should prevail in their service where fidelity to the public should never be compromised supra that of clients and also employers. Elsewhere, engineers should pursue a continued development in their profession and bring service to their different clients without any conflict.These are the basic fundamentals of mechanical engineers whose proficiency is provided by the support of the canons of mechanical engineering. In conclusion the moral stand point taken by any individual should always be after requiring all the necessary information. This is because in every decision made, there are always individuals who love and those who benefit. As in the Firestone, the recalling decision would have resulted in loss. After careful evaluation one should decide on the decision that brings minimal losses in the involved activity.

International Students in America Essay Example for Free

International Students in the States EssayDid you know that there were over six blow and twenty thousand supranational students in the United States of Americas universities and colleges for the academic year 2007/08? This according to the Open Doors report by the Institute of International instruction was a seven part increase. According to the Mr. Goli Ameri, the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, the increase in enrolment was an indication that USA is still the premier destination for overseas students.U.S. higher education is unparalleled in its vitality, quality, and diversity. The U.S. government joins the U.S. higher education community in a commitment to welcome supranational students to the United States (Gardner and Witherell, par. 1)He stated that he had graduated in the United States as an international student and thus was in a better position to testify that Americas universities not alone accept and welcome international students warmly, but transform their lives (Gardner and Witherell par. 1). The United States department of state has expanded support to advice on US education by setting up centers around the world in order to help students gain access to Ameri tail end education.The round of the international students in the United States is double that of the United Kingdom (the second gear host). It was inform in the year 2007 that the international students in USA contributed about thirteen billion US dollars to the its economy through their living expenses and tuition charges (Ford p. 1) This research paper seeks to show the reasons wherefore the United States of America is the closely preferred destination for the international students.Statistics of the international students in USAAccording to the Open Doors 2008 report, India is the conduct country that sends students to the United States with the figure increasing to golf clubty four thousand, five hundred and sixty three. The second sende r was listed as China with 8y one thousand, one hundred and twenty one students in US. Those from South Korea took the third spot with sixty ix thousand, one hundred and twenty four students (which was an eleven pct increase).Though it showed a four percent slight drop, Japan was fought with thirty three thousand, nine hundred and seventy four students in US. Canada took the fifth spot with twenty nine thousand and fifty one students. Other countries with students in the United States ar as follows Taiwan 29,001 and Mexico, 14,837 (this was a seven percent increase).Saudi Arabian students in the United Stated increased to nine thousand eight hundred and seventy three, this being attributed to the scholarships that are being offered by their government in a program that was launched in 2005. The greatest increase (45%) was by students from Vietnamese students with eight thousand seven hundred and sixty nine students. Other international students in the United States universities and colleges came from Indonesia, 7692 Nigeria, 6,222 and Kenya with 5,838 students (which was an eight percent drop) (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10).From the statistics above, it is clear that Asia accounted for the sixty one percent of all international students. Philippines recorded a twelve percent increase Singapore, seven percent Mongolia, thirteen percent Hong Kong, seven percent. However the following Asian nations recorded a decline in the number of students they sent to US Pakistan, one percent and Bangladesh, four percent. Others with the like trends include Israel, Palestinian Authority, Yemen and Lebanon (Gardner and Witherell par. 1-10).According to the same report, US Universities that had the highest number of international students, University of Southern California lead the pack with seven thousand one hundred and eighty nine of students. Other leading Universities included New York University, 6404 Columbia University, 6297 University of Illinois, 5933 Purdue University (main campus), 5772 University of Michigan, 5748 University of Texas, 5550 Harvard University, 4948 and Boston University with 4789 international students in US (Gardner and Witherell).Reasons why USA is a preferred destination for International StudentsOne may be keen to ask the question of why the nation has led other nations of the world such as Britain, Germany and France in enrolling international students. The United States has been reported to have a great wealth of initiatives and policies meant to lure international students into its educational system such as policies that include specific visa and work requirements.This is notwithstanding the drop in enrolment that was caused by the September 11 terrorist bombings of the United States. This is in contrast to the small number of students that the nation sends to the other nations. According to the statistics, only about forty five thousand American students study abroad, majority of them being in the United Ki ngdom and Canada (Cremonini et al, par.1).To maintain the lead in maintaining the number of foreign students who study in USA, the government and the higher education office has intensified its promotional efforts. They have done this by opening several centers in different countries that serve different regions of the world and reducing the Visa regulatory rules for the students (Cremonini ET all, par.Cremonini refers to the United States as the academic powerhouse meaning that it is academically attractive. He states that the friendship can be associated with civilization attraction which is a social contract pattern or a flow of people a situation that explains why researchers and students tend to travel to countries and centers that are recognized and attractive.A zone civilization attraction is sometimes referred to as a zone of prestige. Academic attraction is overly related to other concepts used to study higher education mobility. The concepts posit that many of the educat ional possibilities are in specific places of the world and that become the most popular destinations for international students (Cremonini ET all, par. 6).Ann White, the director of China-Hong for the Institute of International Education stated that the United States is the preferred destination for the Hong Kong students because they associate US degrees with quality and prestige. She added that students from Hong Kong are wasted to lifelong rewards and values of study in the United States of America (Institute of International Education p.2).The other reason why for those students to prefer the US Universities and colleges is because they are in a better position to access information about higher education that is accurate and comprehensive as compared to other countries. There is an EducationUSA office in Hong Kong providing the needed information in addition to the increased level of activities by Universities and colleges from the USA to attract these students.The IIE often organize the annual US Higher Education Fair in Hong Kong and it was reported that in the year 2008, it attracted twenty five percent more attendees when compared with the previous year (Institute of International Education p. 2).The government has ceremonious a website with extensive databases of grants, scholarships and fellowships that are organized by Institute of International Education. The president and Chief Executive officer of IIE stated that the increased number of the international students in the US is as a result of the actions that are taken by the US government plus the Colleges and Universities to make sure that those students understand that they are welcome and that that their contribution to cultural and the environment is highly appreciated (Institute of International Education p. 2).The USA Department of State online newsletter has in it the reasons as to why US education is preferred. One is that U.S. colleges and universities are known to have resources, fac ulty and facilities of high quality. To maintain the standards on these institutions, accreditation systems are used. Secondly, the education system in US features several types of academic and social environments, institutions, degree programs, entry requirements, and subjects from where students can specialize.Thirdly, degrees in US have a wide range of tuition fees and living costs, in addition to the financial help that some colleges offer, this resulting into affordable education for many students. Finally, the Universities and colleges in the United States are flexible in offering courses that one can even study in one college for two years and then move to another for the next two years (Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs). some(prenominal) Universities in US have come up with academic and social programs for the international students. The support program may be based on identifying the students at risk, analyzing their languages and cross- cultural needs, research t heir academic performance, assist in finding accommodation, monitoring their income and providing the exit support so that the students can be prepared to enter globular labour markets. This is helpful as USA continues to compete for international students with other nations (Clendenin, par. 2-5).ConclusionFrom the research, it is clear that the United States of America is the largest destination for the international Students. However, this has not been achieved easy but through policies and activities by the government to attract many students to the nation. However, it is also clear that the nation is facing stiff competition from other nations such as Britain and Germany. With such programs that have been initiated to maintain the number of students, US will continue leading in this area.

Jesus Galilean Ministry Essay Example for Free

messiah Galilean Ministry EssayJesus is the one sent by divinity fudge the Father from heaven for purposes of redemption of sin and restoration of the lost glory by and by the downfall of mankind. The four gospel books brings it forth that He is the promised Messiah whose coming was prophesied by vaticinator Isaiah in Isaiah 91-7 (Brown, 1979). He was brought up and began His ministry in Galilee which comprise of the northern regions of Palestine, Sea of Galilee and west of Jordan (Luke 414-15). Before he began his ministry, Jesus underwent different activities in preparation of the public launching of the ministry. Among these things include the baptism in river Jordan by the one known to be the Voice of the one calling from the desert, prepare the way of the master key Messiah. It is after this baptism when the ministry of John the Baptist is no longer seen further in the bible and also the evidenced infilling of the Holy Spirit which enables Him in the execution of the perfections body politic work (Niswonger, 1992). Jesus Ministry and Gods Kingdom When among the crowds, Jesus used parables which locoweed be said to be wise perverse phrases of teaching but with hidden meaning like the parable of the Samaritan woman in John 4 (Funk et al, 1998).In all the parables he used, there was an think message that he wanted drive into the followers and the crowds following him (Thomas Gundry, 1988). Healing of the Blind 0717897758 Among the many teachings offered by Jesus during the ministry is the story of the man born device but healed on the Sabbath (John 91-12). From this story, it is short that many believed that any deformity in a person was the result of a sin committed. Jesus contradicts this acutely in the story and puts it clear that this was purposeful and intended for reasons of Gods work to be seen.This healing raised a lot of appertain from the Pharisees who sought an opportunity to persecute Jesus because of His teachings. The healed man openly declares Jesus as a prophet from God or sothing which does not convince the Pharisees of the line of work and mission of Jesus as one sent from the Father (God). The Pharisees go farther to enquire from the mans parents ab bulge out whether that man was their son. In veneration of being chased out of the synagogues, the parents refer the Pharisees backside to the man claiming that he is old enough to explain everything.It also raised a difference among the Pharisees some who claim that He is not from God because He keeps not the Sabbath while others are for the view that he is God sent because no sinner can perform the miracles and wonders he did. This serves to show Gods power and ability through the awaited messiah as well as proving the truth in Jesus words that He is sent from God. Jesus and Evil Spirits Demons are also seen to give into the command of the power and authority endowed in Jesus. This is depicted by the outright confession of demons in a man during a visit in the town of Capernaum by Jesus.In this case, the demons cry out in total submission to the authority of Jesus and acknowledge Him as the Holy one of God, the Jesus of Nazareth (Mark 124). Jesus is seen to command silence among the demons after which the evil enliven vigorously shake the man to the ground and depart immediately. The command by Jesus upon the evil spirits marks the separation of these spirits and the man. The crowds around also noted a difference and see the teachings of this man (Jesus) as one endowed with authority as opposes to those of the teachers of the law.This information is recorded to derive the whole Galilee as the people saw the truth accompanied with authority in work, something highly opposed by the Pharisees (Niswonger, 1992). This act thus advances the kingdom of God as one with power and authority as well as supreme to all other authorities of evil nature. The Calling of Levi The calling of Levi, a tax collector, is another story that focu ses on the ministry of Jesus in the elaboration and nature of the kingdom of God. After his call, Levi follows Jesus and prepares a banquet for Him in his house.The young man tax collectors also came to dine together with Jesus in Levis house. The banquet became another platform of criticism from the Pharisees who saw Him dining with tax collectors for they regarded them as outcasts and non candidates of the kingdom of God (Luke 527-31). In knowledge of His reason of coming to the world, Jesus answers them by telling them that it is the sick who consult a doctor and not the healthy. With this, He meant that His coming was not for the righteous and blameless but for those in darkness and wilderness of sin and iniquity (Vs 31).This indicates that Jesus came for purpose of redeeming the lost back to the kingdom of God and everyone is welcome as long as she or he is ready to follow and adhere to His commands (Thomas Gundry, 1988). Conclusion In Galilee, Jesus performed various miracle s and wonders as well as teaching the crowds in the temple and synagogues (Niswonger, 1992). His ministry threatened much the Pharisees, Teachers of the law and Sadducees who had a lot of opposition.Despite all these oppositions, Jesus did not stop accomplishing the will of the one who sent Him but rather he sees this as fulfillment of the word of God (John 1525). The crowds made a clear distinction between the Pharisees and Jesus and many are seen to follow Jesus due to the assistance, help, miracles and wonders He performed. At the end of the ministry, He assigns His disciples with one assignment Go to the world and preach the gospel of the Lord and tell the people to denounce their evil ways and follow Gods righteous way. Also, they were to baptize all believers in the trine way (Mathew 2816-20).

Human Activities Global Warming And Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay

pitying Activities Global Warming And Climate Change Environmental Sciences EssayClimate multifariousness is a long-term change in the Earths mood, or of region on the Earth (Nasa.gov, 1975). Humans use energy in their daily life much(prenominal) as driving cars from one place to some other place. However, most of their activities effect the environment. According to Nap.edu (1996), it situates that global stability is threated by the human activities. This is be character human activities emit amounts of snow dioxide.Furthermore, Newscientiest.com (2007) likewise states that based on IPCC report (2001), 90% of the causes of climate change argon from the human activities. also that, Nasa.gov (1975) also states global warm up is the changes in the Earths average surface temperature due to ascending levels of greenhouse gases. Human activities such as deforestation, equal to(p) burning and emission of greenhouse gases through pane musical arrangement have become the larges t contributors to global warming. So, there is a relationship amidst the human activities, global warming and climate change. This is because human activities emit excess nose candy dioxides that lead to carbon befoulment and thus cause global warming and climate change. Nrdc.org (2012) states that the carbon pollution is the main cause of the Earth are getting warmer, increase the frequency of drought, and flood. Since the average temperature increases rapidly, human and other living things pull up stakes face the consequences such as the melting of glacier, acid rain and the rising of sea level too. Hence, human activities such as deforestation, emission of greenhouse gases from transportation and open burning are the main causes of the global warming and thus climate change.In terms of deforestation, Climateandweather.net (2010) states that deforestation is causing the necessary function of trees to be diminished and affect the climate. It also states that forests store carb on dioxide, produce oxygen, control the climate, and purify our water supply and air. So, that means forests are vital for our life. However, there are reasons that cause deforestation to overstep such as illegal logging operation and agriculture.Wwf.panda.org (2011) mentions that the logging natural process keeps happen in violation of national laws.Most of the illegal loggings happen because of the ascending demand for papers and timbers. Therefore, the operation keeps continuing without permission from the government. Besides that, illegal loggings also include activities such as harvesting wood from dependant areas and exporting exotic species of trees. In terms of agriculture, Wwf.panda.org (2011) states that illegal logging can also occur when the forests are cleared for a plantation such as oil palm or rubber plant. Even the plants also absorb the carbon dioxide as same as the forest, the plant need more clock to grow up and subject to absorb more carbon dioxide like for est do.Climateandweather.net (2010) mentions that most of agricultural crop and other smaller plants also get down in carbon and release amounts of oxygen, but the forests able to store up to 100 times more carbon dioxide than other plants. So, it emphasized that the forests are very(prenominal) important to stabilize the global warming. Besides that, water is also needed to reduce the excess carbon dioxide in the air. Since the forest is a place where the water is purified, the water can also help to reduce the carbon dioxide. The rainforest and sea play a big role in this aspect. According to Worldwatch.org (2012), it states the oceans are by far the largest carbon dioxide sink in the Earth. However, since deforestation keeps happening, even the sea becomes limited to sink all the carbon dioxides. Loss amounts of trees increase the amounts of carbon dioxides at the atmosphere lead to global warming and thus climate change.Moreover, another factor of climate change is the emissio n of greenhouse gases from the vehicles on the road. dit produce energy from the burning of fossil fuels and change into motion. Only this way can makes them enable to move from one place to another place. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are the most emitted gas from on-road vehicles. Epa.gov (2010) mentions transportation that use fossil fuels is the main source of carbon dioxide emission. There are many transportation sources for instance air travel, marine transportation and nobleway vehicles. Most of the vehicles use gasoline and diesel in order to transport good or people. G.Roger (2012) states unwarranted vehicles usage causes the transportation emission increases and leads to global warming. This is because uncontrollable greenhouse gases from the transportation bequeath lead other heat- seamanping gases and carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. So, there will be more and more excesses carbon dioxide will be produce and emit to the atmosphere. This matter will lea d global warming and thus climate change since the global average temperature keeps change magnitude. Furthermore, based on Broadus (2012) states those greenhouse gases emissions are leading to sea level rises and thus floods in various places. Streams, rivers and reservoirs are not able to support and store excesses water since the sea level increase rapidly. Even the dams unable to stop the flowing water to entered the protected places. These problems lead floods to occur in various places especially in the cities and villages nearby the beach or rivers. Besides that, monsoon rains in certain places like Mumbai will be another problem to this matter. Broadus (2012) also mentions about heavier monsoon rains will make the floods worse. Thus, excesses transportation emission will lead to the dangerous change on climate change such as increasing the sea level and affect the monsoon circulation.Another catalyst of global warming and climate change is open burning in various places. It is an activity that produces authentically large amounts of carbon dioxide which change the Earths temperature and cause the melting of glaciers due to the global warming. This is because open burning release heat from the combustion that enhances the warming in the atmosphere. The open burning not only releases carbon dioxide, but also black carbon which is the second global warming agents after carbon dioxide. According to Kanittha and Savitri (2012) mentions in their research that warming effect from black carbon will be increase as it mixed with other particles in the air such as carbon dioxide. They also mention black carbon enable to enhance the melting of snow or glacier three times that of carbon dioxide. As the carbon dioxide also emitted together with black carbon, the affect must be fatal and more dangerous on global warming and climate change. Human activity such as open burning of agricultural residues after harvesting is the main source that leads black carbon and ca rbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. Kanittha and Savitri (2012) also state the combustion of the crop waste is the significant source that release black carbon and other greenhouse gases. So, the production of carbon dioxide and black carbon trap tremendous amount of heat and raise the Earths temperature causing severe impact on the Arctic. As the global getting warmer, the melting of glaciers continues to occur in high speed which is also leads to increase the sea level. This unstoppable problem worries the whole nations in the world as they lost habitats and their life is in danger as the land become limited and covered by the water. Other living things such as animals and trees also are facing the same problems as they lost their habitats and most of exotic species become extinct. Therefore, open burning also has negative impacts to both of the environment and people.The climate is a major part of the Earths environmental system and cannot be tackd by human. According to t he Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) states there are many ways to mitigate the global warming and climate change. However, the main key of the solution is the cooperation and unity from the people so they enable to make a different in order to reduce the carbon pollution and global average temperature. One of the solutions is to follow the regulation provided by the government such as prevent the illegal logging operations or deforestation. This method acting enables the trees using up the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The water is also able to use the carbon dioxide with sinking the carbon dioxide. Since it becomes limited, people need to reduce carbon dioxide more. Besides that, carpooling and limit the transportation usages on the road are also helps to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is because the small amount of vehicles usage will lessen the emission of greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide. People also can develop and us e other alternative or renewable energy to replace fossil fuel such as solar energy. Tom (2012) mentions transportation that powered by solar electricity emit about less or zero percent of carbon dioxide is the most efficient way to reduce large amounts carbon dioxide. However, continuous researches and new environment-friendly technology need to conduct by human in order more alternatives can be used. Moreover, people also need to cliff their open burning activities. They can try cycle any reusable material or things in order to prevent the open burning. So, there are more and more carbon dioxide will be cut off. Hence, people need to try any ways to reduce deforestation, carbon dioxide emission from transportation and open burning in order to decrease global average temperature or global warming and climate change. Otherwise, the global warming will continue to affect the climate change, and thus people, animals, and environment will have the difficult time to face the consequen ces.

Appropriateness Of Ones Behaviour Psychology Essay

Appropriateness Of Ones Behaviour Psychology EssayIn this chapter the research methodology apply in the convey is described. The side/ geographical area where the film was conducted, the study design and the people and experiment are described. The peckers used to collect the entropy, including methods implemented to maintain validity and reliability of the instrument are described.RESEARCH DESIGN AND APPROACHBoth duodecimal and soft approaches were adopted. harmonise to Burns and Grove (1993), quantitative research is asystematic, formal, and objective process used to test and describe relationships. Quantitative approach is used to determineeffect and cause interactions among different variables. Qualitative research design on the opposite(a) hand is a inhering and systematic approach useful in describing life experiences and giving them meaning. Qualitative approach is vital in in-depth exploration that helps to gain insight, complexity and richness in the inherent p henomenon.Due to the positivist nature of the research, this study adopted a deductive approach (Saunders et al, 2007). This approach represents the most common view of the relationship surrounded by theory and research, and upshots gotten from this approach are developed through logical reasoning (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The selective t from each oneing findings were compared against existing publications to ascertain if they concur with what has already been published in the field of online enlisting.Surveys were also used for exploratory,descriptive and explanatory research.A descriptive survey design was used. According to M revealon (1996), a survey is used to collect original entropy for describing a populationthat is too large to observe directly. A survey helps to obtain information from a population sample bymeans of self-report. Survey design allows the respondents and the sample population to respond to a series of unified and well-designed questions posed by the r esearcher (PolitHungler 1993). In this study the information was collected through interviews, and structured questionnairesadministered to the subjects by the researcher.A descriptive survey was selected because it provides an accurate representation or explanation of the various elements and characteristicsthese would include such examples asbehaviour, abilities,opinions, comeledge, and beliefs of a particular situation,individual,or group. This design was chosen to meet the objectives of the study. gate AND RESEARCH SETTINGThe ability to gather indigenous data during this study was dependent on gaining approach path to an appropriate pedigree at heart the organization. The level to which this source is appropriate relies on the research question, related objectives and research designs (Saunders et al, 2007). Therefore, the researcher, as a promoter of an employee within the organization, was in a favourable position to get access within the organization.The researcher cont acted his friend who as per the research duration was working within grad recruitment at Lloyds TSB. The researcher together with the friend discussed the prospects of the dissertation. The friend spoke to several of her colleagues on behalf of the researcher and they consented and allowed the researcher to conduct telephone interviews with four (4) members of the graduate recruitment team, some of which had been there for an average of 5 10 years (reasons expatiated further in this chapter). Due to the non-intrusive nature of the research, there were no objections or limitations raised by the participants with regards to the questions asked or the purpose of the study.DATA COLLECTION sampling MethodBased on the research objectives and the issues to be investigated, it would have been most appropriate if all recruitment rounds within the organization were interviewed. However, due to the time constraints and preference limitations inherent in this study, a non-probability sample of the population was selected. Saunders et al (2007) asserts that a non-probability sample is most often used when adopting a case study strategy. According to Oppenheim(2000), a non-probability sample refers to a sample in which the probability of each case macrocosm selected from the total population is non known.The samples of graduates that were chosen to partake in the quantitative study are too small to constitute a probability sample of graduates within London or United Kingdom (UK). Also, the consider of employees within Lloyds who took part in the qualitative study was non high enough to constitute a significant portion of the recruitment department within Lloyds TSB. Therefore the study focused more on the quantitative facts of the perception of recruitment within the organization, as opposed to theories expressed in the literature review, and what graduates on the outside thought of online recruitment.Primary Data CollectionIn collecting data that could be analysed u sing quantitative means, Easterby-Smith et al (2008) claims that researchers could collect either primary or secondary data. He further claims that though each of these means have their merits and demerits, the collection of ones own data gives control over the structure of the sample and the data obtained from each respondent. It also gives greater confidence that the data collected would match the research objectives.The researcher thusly chose to collect primary data from 20 graduates using questionnaires distributed-in-person to each respondent. This was done amongst friends and colleagues within the university who have utilize online recruitment systems. Data from the rigging-structured interviews were collected using a tape rec consecrate, and the conversations with all four employees would be transcribed word for word, and expression for expression. The advantages inherent in this approach is that it allows the researcher to document and see patterns in words and emotions t hat would not be available if other forms of interviews were conducted.Data Collection InstrumentQuestionnaires and Interviews were chosen as data collection instruments. A questionnaire is a printed self-report form designed to elicit information that can be obtained through the written responses of the subjects. Theinformation obtained through a questionnaire is similar to that obtained by an interview, but the questionstend to have slight depth (Burns Grove, 1993).Data would be collected with the aid of questionnaires to judge the sample populations knowledgeand views on research objectives. Questionnaires were decided upon because of the followingThey ensured a high response rate as the questionnaires were distributed to respondents to double-dyed(a)and were collected personally by the researcher.They required less time and energy to administer.They offered the possibility of anonymity because subjects names were not be required on the completedquestionnairesThere was less o pportunity for bias as they were presented in a consistent manner.Most of the items in the questionnaires were closed, which made it easier to compare the responses toeach itemApart from the advantages that have been listed above, questionnaires have their weaknesses forexample, there is the question of validity and accuracy (Burns Grove, 1993). The subjects energy notreflect their true opinions but might response what they think will please the researcher, and valuableinformation may be lost as answers are usually brief.To counter the weaknesses of the questionnaires in data collection, interviews were used to enhance validity and accuracy. The researcher interviewed the selected staff based on the duties and responsibilities of the staff in the organization. The questionnaires consisted mostly of closed-ended questionsand a few open-ended questions, as these provide more diverse detail.In the open-ended questions, thesubjects were required to respond in writing, whereas closed- ended questions had options which weredetermined by the researcher (Burns Grove, 1993). Open-ended questions were include becausethey allow subjects to respond to questions in their own words and provide more detail. shut-endedquestions were included because they are easier to administer and to analyze. They are also more efficientin the sense that a respondent is able to complete more closed-ended items than open-ended items in agiven period of time (PolitHungler, 1993).The respondentswere given the assurance that the answers would never be able to link theirresponses to them at the stage of data analytic thinking, therefore ensuring anonymity.RESEARCH STRATEGYThis study adopted a case study strategy in answering the research question. Robson (2002) asserts that the case study strategy would be useful if the aim of the study is to gain a rich studying of the research perspective and the process being endorsed. Therefore as this study aims to understand the recruitment process wi thin Lloyds TSB and also any benefits associated with online recruitment, a case study would be most effective.Two separate yet parallel approaches were utilized in this study, and are outlined in the table 1 below. flurry 1 Research StrategySTRATEGYAIMSAMPLETYPE OF QUESTIONS regularity OF ANALYSISQuantitative questionnaireQuantify graduates perception of what constitutes an effective recruitment platform10 graduates who have applied to one or more organizations through their online system.Closed rating scale questions, and nominal data.Descriptive analysis (bar chart, pie chart and line charts).Qualitative semi-structured interviewsThis was done in order to ascertain the benefits associated with online recruitment.4 members of the recruitment staff within Lloyds TSB, who have been in the organization for more than 5 yearsStructured questionnaires. Open questionsContent analysisQuantitative QuestionnaireQuantitative methods are in the main used in the data collection process of res earch. It involves data that is either in the form of, or expressed as numbers (Easterby-Smith et al, 2008). The quantitative questionnaires were turn over out to 10 graduates and undergraduates. The questionnaire was mainly designed with rating scale questions, where respondents were asked to state their opinion or preference for a particular question on a scale of 1 5. Secondary nominal data was also included in order to ascertain the respondents status, application activity and preference. The quantitative questionnaire distributed to respondents is outlined in appendix. Quantitative questionnaires are useful as the results derived are quantifiable and measurable against other variables in an objective manner (Saunders et al, 2007).Qualitative Semi Structured Interviews followers the access grant to four members of the recruitment team within the organization, 15 20 minute qualitative telephone interviews were carried out. A semi-structured interview is a qualitative interview that is defined by a pre-set question guide. It aims to provide in-depth findings through informal discussions with participants (Collis and Hussey, 2003). This interview method was chosen over unstructured or structured interviews, because this study intends to answer the research questions by asking specific questions, but not so much (unstructured) that it generates useless data, and not so less (structured) so as not to miss out on any unanticipated information.The interview questions in the semi-structured interview are in appendix. The themes utilized in this study were derived mainly from the literature review and were crucial in developing the questions that were raised during the study. The semi-structured approach also provided the researcher with the ability to probe answers. Answer probing was oddly useful in responses whereby more explanation was needed in order to fully understand the answers. Due to the recent adaptation of online recruitment, the semi structured in terviews was targeted at members of the team who had witnessed or orchestrated the shift towards online recruitment, that way these respondents would be better able to answer questions that relate to the comparison of both methods.Also, members of the online recruitment team being interviewed had different positions within recruitment and handled separate tasks. The questionnaires were given to them beforehand, when the approval was first sought, and each respondent chose the questions that they were more qualified to respond to. Therefore the research was such that all respondents answered some questions, while some others were answered by a particular individual because of their knowledge of that process. Table 2 outlines the respondent details and their interview theme.Table 2 Interview Respondents and Questions askedRespondentFictional NameRoleYears in LloydsSubjects CoveredR1AliceGraduate Events Manager2Effectiveness, DisadvantagesR2MarthaApplication Review7Background, Adoption , Effectiveness, DisadvantagesR3NickFinance and Budgeting9Adoption, Effectiveness, EfficiencyR4ChloeMedia Advertisement3Effectiveness, AdvertisementEach respondent were asked for their consent to interview, prior to the interview sessions, and also pass along not to have their names mentioned so as to prevent any form of organizational backlash if the inwardnesss of the study were interpreted in any other non-academic form, and distributed. They have therefore been given fictional names, so as to make the research more readable.RELIABILITY AND VALIDITYReliabilityPolit and Hungler (1993) refer to reliability as the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures the attribute it is designed to measure. The data collection techniques administered to the sample population was used to revealconsistency in responses. Reliability was ensured by minimizing sources of measurement misapprehension like data collector bias. Data collector bias was minimized by the researchers being the only one who administered the data collection techniques, and standardizing conditions such as exhibiting similar personal attributes to all respondents, for example friendliness and support.The corporeal and psychological environment where data was collected was made comfortable by ensuringprivacy, secludedity and general physical comfort.The subjects wereat their convenient and comfortable venues including free and fresh air circulations. Theresearcher remained in the neighbourhood with the subjects. Conditions were considered tomaintain privacy and prevent interruptions. Subjects were requested not to write their names on the data collection instruments to ensure confidentiality.ValidityThe validity of an instrument is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure(PolitHungler, 1993). Content validity refers to the extent to which an instrument represents thefactors under study. To achieve content validity, the instruments used included a variety of questions on theknowledge of correspondents about the research topic, objectives and questions.Questions were based on the information gathered during the literature review to ensure that they wererepresentative of what correspondentscould know about the research topic. Content validity was further ensured by consistency in administering the instruments of data collection. All instruments were administered to the subjects by the researcher personally. The questions were formulated in childlike language for clarity andease of understanding. Clear instructions were given to the subjects and the researcher was readily available to answer questions raised by the correspondents in the course of responding to the research questions.The subjects were requested to complete the questionnaires and respond to the questions in the presence of the researcher. This was done to preventsubjects from giving questionnaires to other people to complete on their behalf. For validation, thequestionn aires were submitted to the research supervisor for review. As a result questions were refined to ensure higher representativeness. Rephrasing of some questions were done to clarify thequestions and more appropriate alternative response choices were added to the closed-ended questions toprovide for meaningful data analysis (Burns Grove, 1993). immaterial validity was ensured. Burns and Grove (1993) refer to external validity as the extent to whichstudy findings can be generalized beyond the sample used. All the persons approached to move in thestudycompleted the questionnaires. No single person who was approached refused to put down.Generalizing the findings to all members of the population was thereforejustified.Seeking subjects who are willing to participate in a study can be difficult, curiously if the study requiresextensive amounts of time or other types of investment by subjects. If the number of the personsapproached to participate in a study declines, generalising the fi ndings to all members of a population is not easy to justify. The study was well planned to limit the investment demands on subjects in order toincrease conflict.As the percentage of those who decline to take part in the study increases, external validity decreases (Burns Grove 1993270).PRE-TESTING THE QUESTIONNAIREA pre-test refers to a trial administration of an instrument to identify flaws. When a questionnaire or an interview schedule is used asa data gathering instrument, it is necessary to determine whether the questions and directions are clear tosubjects and whether they understand what is required from them. This is referred to as the pretesting of aquestionnaire (PolitHungler 199538, 711).The researcher was able to pre-test the questionnaires and the interview schedules to ensure that the instruments meet the set criteria.All of the samples approached to pre-test the instruments were asked to answer the questions and necessary changes made based on the findings of the pre -test.ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONSBlumberg, et al (2005) describes ethics as referring to the appropriateness of ones behaviour in relation to the rights of those who become the subject of a research project. A number of ethical issues have been identified and raised with respect to this study. The issues and steps taken to alleviate such issues are discussed belowThe attach to may be secretive about some aspects of its online recruitment, such as the quantity of graduates and marketing techniques to attract graduates, which it may not like its competitors to know about.Employees responding to semi structured interviews may not be so willing to discuss their personal opinion of the banks recruitment system, or the quality of graduates received through their channels, in case their response does not really conform to the brand and reputation that the organization is trying to build (for instance, the bank may pose as an contact opportunity organization that employs from diverse backgroun ds, whereas they mostly only recruit students from top Oxbridge universities with a certain background). Information such as this could pose difficulties if the bank at long last decides to broaden its pool of candidates and employ people from varying backgrounds.Apart from these ethical considerations, no other ethical dilemmas have been found with relation to this research. Therefore, in order to alleviate these issues, the questionnaire and interviews were designed in such a way that it does not offend, harm, provoke or stress any of the participants in any way. Questions asked would be non-intrusive as no personal information about names age or post would be requested. Information about specific applicant quality and demographics of applicants recruitment would not be sought.Also, in terms of graduate questionnaires that have been distributed, some candidates may think that answering these questions and including personal details may impede or even benefit them when applying to said organizations. Therefore the questionnaires would fully state that it is an academic research and in no way constitutes a study conducted by the organization.Integrity, honesty, expertise and diligence are key ingredients in conducting of research. This isuseful to protect and recognise the ethics and human rights of the respondents. The key ethical consideration observed in this study included anonymity, informed consent, confidentiality and rights to self-government. Written permission and respondents consent were obtained prior before the respondents responded to the research instruments. Burns and Grove (1993)define informed consent as the prospective respondents agreement to participate voluntarily in a study, whichis reached after assimilation of essential information about the study. The subjects were informed of theirrights to voluntarily consent or decline to participate, and to withdraw participation at any time withoutpenalty.Subjects were informed about the purpo se of the study the procedures used to collect thedata, and assured that there were no potential risks or cost involved.Anonymity and confidentiality were observed and maintained throughout the study. Burns and Grove (1993) defineanonymity as when subjects cannot be linked, even by the researcher, with his or her individual responses. In this study anonymity was ensured by not disclosing the respondents name on the data collection instruments, research reports and detaching the written consent from the questionnaire.In this study, confidentiality was maintained by keeping the collected data confidential and not revealing the subjects identities whenreporting the study (Burns Grove 1993). No identifying information was entered onto the data collection instruments, and the instrumentswere only numbered after data had been collected (PolitHungler1995139).The ethical principle of self-determination was also maintained. Subjects were treated as autonomousagents by informing them about t he study and allowing them to voluntarily choose to participate or not.Lastly, information was provided about the researcher in the event of further questions or complaints.Scientific honesty is regarded as a very important ethical responsibility when conducting research.Dishonest conduct includes manipulation of design and methods, and retention or manipulation of data(Brink 1996). The researcher tried to avoid any form of dishonesty by recording truthfully the answers given during interviews.The researcher was with integrity of heart and serious-mindedness produced the results with the necessary supervision to avoid subjective collaboration. Theopen-ended questions which were beanalysed by the researcher were also checked by the supervisor forconfirmation of credibility.ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH FINDINGSQuantitative DataThe quantitative data collected during the course of this study, whilst still in its raw form, is described by Saunders et al (2007) as being useless and conveying lit tle information to most people. Universites, which are total sample distributions of one variable at a time (Oppenheim, 2005) was utilised in analysing the frequency and percentage occurrence of each variable including both ordinal and nominal, category and rating scale questions. However, an in-depth correlation or bivariate analysis was not conducted due to the low number of graduate respondents, and also due to the fact that the study was mainly concerned with the viewpoint of the organization, and not necessarily that of the graduates. Results would be analysed using Excel and graphs would be drawn out to analyse all data with the aim of comparing them to the qualitative study.Qualitative DataYin (2002) suggests that in studies whereby the research question has been formulated based on the literature review these theories that have been used in the postulation of the research question could also be used in analysing the findings. Thereby, suggesting that a deductive approach to data analysis would be essential for theoretical driven studies.Based on these arguments, this study analysed the qualitative findings using deductive methods. The findings from each respondent and questionnaire theme were analysed match to the literature review topics discussed. In the instance whereby different respondents had something to say about a particular issue, all their opinions were recorded and taking into consideration in the analysis of findings. A fact sheet of all findings according to the theory is illustrated in chapter 4. Full transcripts of the interview are in the appendix.The pattern matching procedure, as postulated by Saunders et al, (2007)were utilized in this deductive analysis. It involves predicting a pattern of outcomes based on theoretical propositions. These propositions are thereby analysed in the data analysis process. This procedure involves the ontogenesis of an analytical framework, utilizing existing theory, and then testing the adequacies of t he framework as a means of explaining the findings (Saunders et al, 2007). In the instance where a pattern is found as ab initio predicted, it would be evidence that suggests that there is indeed an explanation for findings.

Reality Television Love?What are These Contestants Thinking?! :: essays research papers fc

Reality Television LoveWhat ar These Contestants Thinking?Marriage, its supposed to be a at once in a lifetime stock-stillt right? The answer to that is surprisingly no Today it seems that the media pokes fun of this wonderful occasion in the ever so popular reality T.V. show weddings. They are e very(prenominal)where today. Many of these marriages dont last much longer than the show was aired anyway. The contestant chooses a lifetime partner from a group of twenty or so other contestants to miraculously fall in love with. But can this be true love? Marriage should not be rushed in this way, because it usually comes along in a normal life setting. What are these goggle box savvy people thinking? I do not believe that the media should use the sacred act of marriage as entertainment, people on these shows are looking for love for the wrong reasons, divorce rates today are through the roof, and generally all the contestants genuinely want is to get their face forth there, to beco me famous.Many times these people arent even sure what they are looking for or even what they are doing on much(prenominal) a show. On programs such as The Bachelor, Joe Millionaire, and Married by America the contestants are set out to search for their one true love. But how do they know if one of these lucky men or women is right for them? The answer is hard to tell. The show, even though aired for weeks at a time, isnt even as long as it appears. Each episode is different days put into one episode and it is hard to tell exactly how long they really have been there. In all reality the contestants are only acquainted for about a months time and BAM, they are up at the alter locution their I Dos, in their to-die-for wedding apparel. I dont know about you but I have defiantly deceased through life with a crush or two for about a month that I thought at the time I could attach and be with forever, but after a while I thought to myself, what was I thinking This is exactly how many of these couples feel soon after their wedding. and so out of nowhere there is yet another divorce. Some may disagree and say that there have been many love stories with happy endings that were very fast and sudden, and they have turned out fine.

Legalizing Marijuana Essay -- Drugs Weed Legal Argumentative Essays

Legalizing MarijuanaDrugs are a major influential force in our agricultural today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or even solve it. Ending the drug war seems to be a bit impossible. The war on drugs seems to be accomplishing a lot but this is not true. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasnt gotten a chance but should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of use, marijuana should be legalized because it will reduce the commodious amounts of money dog-tired on enforcement and it will increase our countrys revenue. There are also many benefits that can be uncovered to dish up people if legalization of marijuana is given a chance. Legalizing marijuana would increase our economys revenue. During Prohibition alcohol use was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The twenty-first amendment repealed prohibition and alco hol taxes were increased. The comparable thing should happen with drugs. Marijuana should be taxed heavily to increase our revenue. Marijuana and other drugs would be made by the same people who make aspirin so the quality would be assured, containing no poisons or adulterants. Sterile hypodermic needles will be readily available at corner drug stores. These could be taxed heavily because the users will be assured of clean drugs. Making drugs legal will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users are one step ahead on the enforcement process. If one drug lord is caught, another one will present up somewhere else. We cannot win. In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40... ...on on the amount spent on law enforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute users and sellers of marijuana. The drug enforcement authorities might reduce their budget requests, or, more likely, focus mo re intensely on hard drugs and risky crimes. The courts would be relieved of hearing some drug cases, as well. The most important gain would be in the quality of government. The sorts of temptations and opportunities that lead to corruption would be significantly minimized. The illogical pattern of law enforcement, which now treats marijuana as more dangerous as alcohol, would end. It would set more achievable goals for law enforcement, and this would fetch strength and credibility to the government. In the essay drugs, Vidal states, It is possible to stop most drug addiction in the United States within a very scam time, Simply make all drugs available.